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Can ethical trade certification contribute to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals? A review of organic and fair-trade certification

机译：道德贸易认证能否有助于实现千年发展目标？有机和公平贸易认证的审查

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The growth of ethical consumerism in developed countries has led to increased imports of environmentally and socially certified products produced by the poor in developing countries, which could potentially contribute towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Among these, organic products and fair-trade products are among the rapidly growing 'ethical trade' products. This market development trend utilizes certification systems that ensure the impartiality of assessing products produced in developing countries. This paper assesses how the conditions under organic certification and fair-trade certification directly and indirectly contribute to the achievement of the MDG targets. The study finds that organic certification substantially contributes to MDG1 (poverty and hunger) and MDG7 (environmental sustainability). Farmers who follow certification requirements stand to be rewarded with substantial improvements in farming systems, premium prices, and better market access. In addition, by eliminating the risk of exposure to toxic agrochemicals, it directly contributes to health-related MDGs. Moreover, as organic agriculture contributes to mitigating climate change, certified organic farmers with established farm-monitoring systems are in better positions to receive compensation for soil carbon sequestration, when the methodology is approved. However, organic certification doesn't clearly address social aspects, which fair-trade certification directly deals with. Fairtrade certification directly targets smallholders in marginal areas, resulting in broader impacts on other non-income MDGs. In addition, financial benefits for fair-trade certification are immediate, as organic certification often requires a transition period before full certification is granted. Thus, in achieving the MDG targets, a combination of organic and fair-trade certification is recommended. This paper concludes that for this market-based development scheme to broaden its poverty impacts, public sector support in harmonizing standards, building up the capacity of certifiers, developing infrastructure development, and innovating alternative certification systems will be required.
机译：发达国家道德消费主义的发展导致发展中国家穷人生产的经环境和社会认证的产品的进口增加，这可能有助于实现千年发展目标。其中，有机产品和公平贸易产品属于快速增长的“道德贸易”产品。这种市场发展趋势利用认证系统，以确保评估发展中国家生产的产品的公正性。本文评估了有机认证和公平贸易认证下的条件如何直接和间接地促进实现千年发展目标的目标。该研究发现，有机认证在很大程度上有助于实现MDG1（贫困与饥饿）和MDG7（环境可持续性）。遵循认证要求的农民将在耕作制度，优质价格和更好的市场准入方面获得实质性的奖励。此外，通过消除接触有毒农药的风险，它直接有助于与健康相关的千年发展目标。此外，由于有机农业有助于缓解气候变化，因此，当该方法获得批准时，拥有成熟的农业监测系统的认证有机农民将更有资格获得土壤固碳的补偿。但是，有机认证并未明确涉及社会方面，而公平贸易认证直接涉及这些方面。公平贸易认证直接针对边缘地区的小农，从而对其他非收入千年发展目标产生更大的影响。此外，公平贸易认证的经济利益是立竿见影的，因为有机认证通常需要过渡期才能获得全面认证。因此，为了实现千年发展目标，建议将有机认证与公平贸易认证相结合。本文的结论是，要想使这种基于市场的发展计划扩大对贫困的影响，就需要公共部门在协调标准，建立认证机构的能力，发展基础设施发展以及创新替代认证系统方面提供支持。

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    Setboonsarng Sununtar;

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  • 年度 2008
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