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Offsetting versus mitigation activities to reduce CO2 emissions: A theoretical and empirical analysis for the US and Germany

机译：抵消与减缓活动以减少二氧化碳排放：对美国和德国的理论和实证分析

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This paper studies the voluntary provision of public goods that is partially driven by a desire to offset for individual polluting activities. We first extend existing theory and show that offsets allow a reduction in effective environmental pollution levels while not necessarily extending the consumption of a polluting good. We further show a nonmonotonic income-pollution relationship and derive comparative static results for the impact f an increasing environmental preference on purchases of offsets and mitigation activities. Several theoretical results are then econometrically tested using a novel data set on activities to reduce CO2 emissions for the case of vehicle purchases in the U.S. and Germany. We show that an increased environmental preference triggers the use of CO2 offsetting and mitigation channels in both countries. However, we find strong country differences for the purchase of CO2 offsets. While such activities are already triggered by a high general awareness of the climate change problem in the U.S., driver's license holders in Germany need to additionally perceive road traffic as being responsible for CO2 emissions to a large extent.
机译：本文研究了自愿提供的公共物品，其部分原因是希望抵消个人污染活动。我们首先扩展现有的理论，并表明补偿可以降低有效的环境污染水平，而不必扩展污染商品的消耗量。我们进一步显示了非单调的收入与污染的关系，并得出了对静态影响的比较静态结果，这些影响是对购买补偿和缓解活动的环境偏好的增加。然后，在美国和德国购买汽车的情况下，使用关于减少二氧化碳排放量的活动的新数据集，对一些理论结果进行了计量经济学测试。我们表明，增加的环境偏好会触发两国使用CO2抵消和缓解渠道。但是，我们发现购买二氧化碳抵消的国家/地区存在很大差异。虽然这类活动已经由美国对气候变化问题的高度普遍了解而引发，但德国的驾驶执照持有人需要另外认识到道路交通在很大程度上造成了CO2排放。

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