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TBT provisions in Regional Trade Agreements: To what extent do they go beyond the WTO TBT Agreement?

机译：区域贸易协定中的TBT条款：它们在多大程度上超越了WTO TBT协议？

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This paper investigates whether TBT provisions included in RTAs differ from those under the WTO TBT Agreement, and, if they do, whether they entail broader commitments. Our analysis covers 238 RTAs, of which 171 include at least one provision, and focuses on the provisions on technical regulations, conformity assessment procedures, transparency, dispute settlement, marking and labelling and sector-specific commitments. We find that all RTAs signed since 2010 systematically include TBT provisions and that the most frequent provisions are those referring to the TBT Agreement and transparency. Moreover, even if there are RTAs that include new or broader commitments than the TBT Agreement, our study shows that their number remains very limited. For instance, relatively few RTAs have included provisions to better implement WTO provisions in the area of transparency or provisions requiring the equivalence or harmonization of technical regulations among the parties or even the recognition of conformity assessment results. RTAs with a dispute settlement provision that applies exclusively to TBT issues are also very few. These RTAs give in general exclusive jurisdiction to the WTO DSM over TBT related disputes. Finally, also only a minority of RTAs include provisions on new issues such as marking and labelling or sector-specific provisions, typically for electric and electronic products, pharmaceuticals or vehicles.
机译：本文研究了区域贸易协定中的技术性贸易壁垒规定是否与《世贸组织技术性贸易壁垒协定》中的规定不同，如果存在，是否需要更广泛的承诺。我们的分析涵盖238个区域贸易协定，其中171个至少包括一项规定，并侧重于有关技术法规，合格评定程序，透明度，争端解决，标记和标签以及特定行业承诺的规定。我们发现，自2010年以来签署的所有RTAs都系统地包含了TBT条款，而最常见的条款是那些涉及TBT协议和透明度的条款。此外，即使有RTAs包含比《 TBT协定》新的或更广泛的承诺，我们的研究表明，它们的数量仍然非常有限。例如，相对较少的区域贸易协定包括了在透明度方面更好地执行世贸组织规定的规定，或者要求当事方之间技术规章的等同或统一，甚至要求认可合格评定结果的规定。仅适用于技术性贸易壁垒问题的具有争端解决规定的区域贸易协定也很少。这些RTA对于与TBT相关的争议，对WTO DSM具有一般的专属管辖权。最后，也只有极少数的区域贸易协定包括关于新问题的规定，例如标记和标签，或针对特定部门的规定，通常针对电气和电子产品，药品或车辆。

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