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Synthetic Fractal Modelling of Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Reservoirs for use in Simulation Studies: Implications on their Hydrocarbon Recovery Prediction

机译：用于模拟研究的非均质和各向异性油藏的合成分形模拟：对其油气采收率预测的影响

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Optimising production from heterogeneous and anisotropic reservoirs challenges the modern hydrocarbon industry because such reservoirs exhibit extreme inter-well variability making them very hard to model. Reasonable reservoir models can be obtained using modern statistical techniques, but all of them rely on significant variability in the reservoir only occurring at a scale at or larger than the inter-well spacing. In this paper we take a different, generic, approach. We have developed a method for constructing realistic synthetic heterogeneous and anisotropic reservoirs which can be made to represent the reservoir under test. The main physical properties of these synthetic reservoirs are distributed fractally. The models are fully controlled and reproducible and can be extended to model multiple facies reservoir types. This paper shows how the models can be constructed and how they have been tested. Varying the fractal dimension and anisotropy factor of each of these physical properties can tell us how sensitive the reservoir is to uncertainties in its heterogeneity and anisotropy as well as how poroperm cross-plot shapes are controlled. Initial reservoir simulation results of the tested models with this approach show that heterogeneity in the reservoir's physical parameters has a little effect on high and moderate porosity and permeability reservoirs. The effect is more pronounced in the models representing tight reservoirs. The production from more heterogeneous reservoirs lasts a little longer, but eventually declines faster. This may be attributed to the fact that water channelling is more significant as heterogeneity increases.
机译：优化非均质和各向异性油藏的产量对现代油气工业提出了挑战，因为此类油藏表现出极高的井间变异性，因此很难建模。可以使用现代统计技术获得合理的储层模型，但是所有模型都依赖于储层中的显着可变性，仅在井间间距等于或大于井间间距时才发生。在本文中，我们采用了一种不同的通用方法。我们已经开发出一种用于构造现实的合成非均质和各向异性油藏的方法，该方法可以用来代表待测油藏。这些合成油藏的主要物理性质是分形分布的。该模型是完全可控且可重现的，可以扩展以对多种相储层类型进行建模。本文展示了如何构建模型以及如何对其进行测试。改变每种物理性质的分形维数和各向异性因子可以告诉我们，储层对于其非均质性和各向异性的不确定性有多敏感，以及如何控制poroperm交会图的形状。用这种方法对测试模型进行的初始储层模拟结果表明，储层物理参数的非均质性对高，中孔隙度和渗透率储层的影响很小。在代表致密油藏的模型中，这种影响更为明显。来自更多种类的油藏的开采持续时间更长，但最终下降得更快。这可能归因于这样的事实，即随着异质性的增加，水的通道化变得更加重要。

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