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Adsorption of polyphosphinocarboxylic acid (PPCA) scale inhibitor on carbon nanotubes (CNTs): A prospective method for enhanced oilfield scale prevention

机译：聚膦酸羧酸（ppCa）阻垢剂在碳纳米管（CNTs）上的吸附：一种提高油田防垢能力的前瞻性方法

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A scale inhibitor ‘squeeze’ treatment is used in the oil and gas industry as a control measure to reduce the risk of mineral scale precipitation and deposition in the near-wellbore rock formation and associated installations. One of the determining factors in a successful squeeze job is the potential of formation rock to adsorb scale inhibitor (SI); the higher the adsorption, the better the treatment. This paper investigates the potential of employing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to increase the adsorption of a common SI (polyphosphinocarboxylic acid, PPCA) on formation rock as part of a new methodology forming a ‘Nanotechnology-Assisted Squeeze Treatment’ (NAST). The focus here is assessing the adsorption potential of PPCA on CNTs for the purpose of creating a longer-lasting squeeze treatment. Analyses using various techniques including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Raman Spectroscopy are presented, and results indicate that up to 180 mg/g of PPCA adsorbed on CNTs, with strong bonding, which is significantly higher than the 1 mg/g adsorption of PPCA on crushed formation rock. Adsorption of PPCA decreases with increasing temperature of the solution, indicating an exothermic reaction. The impact of water salinity on adsorption is also considered, with calcium producing a positive effect on adsorption and sodium the opposite. It is also illustrated that a good dispersion of CNTs in the solution can dramatically increase the adsorption due to the exposure of higher surface area to PPCA in the solution. The influence of using CNTs on adsorption of SI onto internal surface of sandstone rock were evaluated using coreflood tests with simplified brines. The results demonstrate the potential of employing CNTs to increase adsorption of SI in squeeze treatments and possibly to improve the squeeze treatment lifetime.
机译：石油和天然气工业中使用了阻垢剂“挤压”处理，以作为控制措施，以减少近井岩层和相关装置中矿物垢沉淀和沉积的风险。压榨作业成功的决定因素之一是地层岩石吸附结垢抑制剂（SI）的潜力。吸附越高，处理效果越好。本文研究了采用碳纳米管（CNTs）来增加常见的SI（聚膦酸羧酸，PPCA）在地层岩石上的吸附的潜力，作为形成“纳米技术辅助挤压处理”（NAST）的新方法的一部分。此处的重点是评估PPCA在CNT上的吸附潜力，以实现更持久的挤压处理。提出了使用各种技术进行的分析，包括透射电子显微镜（TEM），电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS），热重分析（TGA）和拉曼光谱，结果表明，吸附在CNT上的PPCA高达180 mg / g，具有很强的结合力，远高于压碎的地层岩石上PPCA的1 mg / g吸附量。 PPCA的吸附随着溶液温度的升高而降低，表明放热反应。还考虑了水盐度对吸附的影响，钙对吸附产生积极影响，而钠则相反。还说明了由于溶液中较高的表面积暴露于PPCA，CNT在溶液中的良好分散可显着增加吸附。通过使用简化盐水的岩心驱替试验，评估了使用CNTs对SI吸附在砂岩内表面上的影响。结果表明，在挤压处理中采用CNT来增加SI的吸附潜力，并有可能延长挤压处理寿命。

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