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首页> 外文OA文献 >Phylogenetic analyses of Zostera species based on rbcL and matK nucleotide sequences: Implications for the origin and diversification of seagrasses in Japanese waters
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Phylogenetic analyses of Zostera species based on rbcL and matK nucleotide sequences: Implications for the origin and diversification of seagrasses in Japanese waters

机译：基于rbcL和matK核苷酸序列的Zostera物种的系统发育分析：对日本水域海草起源和多样性的启示

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摘要

Seagrasses are composed of four families belonging to angiosperms and they are thought to become adaptive to aquatic life independently. Zosteraceae is one such family and because of the relatively high species diversity around Japan and Korea coast areas, the family might have arisen therefrom. To elucidate the origin and evolution of Zosteraceae which consists of three genera, Phyllospadix, Zostera, and Heterozostera, 2.8 kb nucleotide sequences of rbcL and matK genes in the chloroplast genome were examined for various species, including cosmopolitan Z. marina and endemic Z. caulescens. The phylogenetic analysis reveals the following three features. First, based on the synonymous nucleotide substitution rate of the rice chloroplast genome, we estimated the divergence times between Zosteraceae and its closest relative, Potamogetonaceae, and between different genera, Zostera and Phyllospadix, as approximately 100 million years (myr) and 36 myr, respectively, suggesting that Zosteraceae emerged somewhere in the period from 36 myr ago to 100 myr ago. Second, two subgenera of Zostera, Zostera and Zosterella, exhibit their reciprocal monophyly and appear to have differentiated from each other approximately 33 myr ago. However, the third genus Heterozostera branched off only 5 myr ago from the stem lineage leading to Zosterella and this seems too recent in comparison with the ancient divergence of the two subgenera. Third, we estimated the most recent common ancestor of subgenus Zostera as 6 myr. In Z. marina four haplotypes were found in the sample and have diversified in the past 1.5 myr. One haplotype is shared by both sides of the Japan Archipelago and its closely related haplotypes occur also in eastern Pacific Ocean. Based on these phylogeographic analyses, we propose a provisional age related classification of Zosteraceae to argue the origin and evolution.
机译：海草由被子植物四个科组成，被认为可以独立适应水生生物。凤梨科就是这样的一个科，由于日本和韩国沿海地区的物种多样性相对较高，因此该科可能起源于此。为了阐明由三个属Phyllospadix，Zostera和Heterozostera组成的Zosteraceae的起源和进化，对叶绿体基因组中的rbcL和matK基因的2.8 kb核苷酸序列进行了检查，检查了各种物种，包括世界性Z. marina和地方性Z. caulescens 。系统发育分析揭示了以下三个特征。首先，根据水稻叶绿体基因组的同义核苷酸取代率，我们估算了带状疱疹科与其最亲缘的科（Potamogetonaceae）之间以及不同属的带状疱疹与毛竹之间的发散时间大约为1亿年（myr）至36 myr，分别表明Zosteraceae出现在从36 myr到100 myr之前的某个时期。其次，Zostera的两个亚属Zostera和Zosterella表现出相互的单亲性，并且似乎在大约33 myr之前已经相互区分。然而，第三属杂菌纲仅在5 myr之前从导致Zosterella的茎谱系中分支出来，与两个亚属的古老分歧相比，这似乎太新了。第三，我们估计Zostera属的最新共同祖先为6 myr。在滨海假单胞菌中，在样品中发现了四个单倍型，并且在过去的1.5 myr中已经多样化。日本群岛的两侧共有一种单倍型，其紧密相关的单倍型也出现在东太平洋。基于这些系统地理学分析，我们提出了一种与年龄相关的暂定的凤梨科分类，以讨论其起源和进化。

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