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Six Sigma vs. Design for Six Sigma : selection of the requisite Six Sigma approach using multi-criteria decision analysis : innovation report

机译：六西格玛与六西格玛设计：使用多标准决策分析选择必要的六西格玛方法：创新报告

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摘要

The literature suggests that organisations which have adopted Six Sigma have realised that upon achieving a Five Sigma level the only way to surpass this is to redesign the process(es) by means of Design for Six Sigma (DFSS). For others, the selection of Six Sigma over the DFSS approach is not a definitive question and just a guideline can be provided. A major objective of this research was to extend the selection of the requisite Six Sigma approach beyond the sigma level case and the general guidelines, towards a multi-criteria decision using established techniques. Thus, two research questions were defined: what influences the selection of the requisite Six Sigma approach, i. e. Six Sigma versus DFSS? and, how effective is the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques in the selection of the requisite Six Sigma approach? An action research methodology was applied where one Six Sigma project, one DFSS project and one Six Sigma project applied in a non-manufacturing process were implemented and analysed in collaboration with 3M Corporation, General Domestic Appliances (GDA) and Land Rover. From the action research spiral it was concluded that the sigma level has a positive association with the selection of redesign or improvement efforts within Six Sigma, however the Five Sigma level cannot necessarily dictate the use of one approach over the other. Besides the sigma level the selection of the requisite Six Sigma approach is influenced by multiple and conflicting criteria. In addition, the selection can occur at different stages of the methodologies. To assist decision-makers in organising, synthesising and optimising the criteria affecting this decision, the Stochastic Analytic Hierarchy Process (SAHP) was developed and applied to the problem at hand. The SAHP was developed on the basis of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and disparate sources of relevant literature. SAHP provides a mechanism for achieving a more effective selection of the requisite Six Sigma approach in the form of considering multiple and conflicting criteria using quantitative and qualitative information under uncertainty. In contrast to the traditional AHP, SAHP incorporates probabilistic distributions to incorporate uncertainty that people have in converging into a Likert scale their judgments of preferences. The vector of priorities is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation and the final rankings analysed for rank reversal using statistical analysis with managerial aspects introduced systematically. The concept and implementation of SAHP is new to the selection of the requisite Six Sigma approach and as such it constitutes the main innovation to result from this research. It extends the selection of the requisite Six Sigma approach towards a systematic multi-criteria decision considering multiple and conflicting criteria under uncertainty. Furthermore, while SAHP was originally conceived as a specific aid to the improve or redesign issue within Six Sigma, this research indicates that it is potentially much more widely applicable. This research also provides evidence of how different factors affecting the selection of requisite Six Sigma approach were considered. Further areas of research include the use of a positivist method in order to increase the sample size of the research and identify different factors affecting the decision improve or redesign. The development of SAHP software and extending the SAHP practice to different multi-criteria decisions are also potential areas for further research.
机译：文献表明，采用“六西格码”的组织已经意识到，达到“五西格码”水平后，唯一超越此标准的方法是通过“六西格码设计”（DFSS）重新设计流程。对于其他人而言，在DFSS方法上选择6西格码不是一个确定的问题，而只能提供一个准则。这项研究的主要目的是将已确定的六西格码方法的选择范围扩展到西格玛级别案例和一般准则之外，从而使用已建立的技术进行多标准决策。因此，定义了两个研究问题：什么影响了必要的六西格码方法的选择，即e。六个Sigma与DFSS？在选择必要的六西格码方法时，使用多标准决策分析（MCDA）技术的效果如何？通过与3M公司，通用家用电器（GDA）和路虎（Land Rover）合作实施并分析了一项在非制造过程中应用的六个西格玛项目，一个DFSS项目和一个六个西格玛项目的行动研究方法。从行动研究螺旋中得出的结论是，sigma级别与6 Sigma中重新设计或改进工作的选择有正相关关系，但是5 Sigma级别不一定指示使用一种方法替代另一种方法。除了sigma级别，必需的6 sigma方法的选择还受到多个相互冲突的标准的影响。另外，选择可以在方法的不同阶段进行。为了帮助决策者组织，综合和优化影响该决策的标准，开发了随机分析层次过程（SAHP）并将其应用于当前的问题。 SAHP是在层次分析法（AHP）和相关文献的不同来源的基础上开发的。 SAHP提供了一种机制，可以通过在不确定性下使用定量和定性信息来考虑多个且相互矛盾的标准，从而更有效地选择必要的6 Sigma方法。与传统的层次分析法相比，SAHP结合了概率分布，以融合人们在偏好评估中融入到Likert量表中的不确定性。优先级向量是使用蒙特卡罗模拟计算的，而最终排名则是通过统计分析和系统引入管理方面的分析来进行排名逆转的。 SAHP的概念和实施对于必需的6 Sigma方法的选择来说是新的，因此它构成了这项研究的主要创新成果。它将必要的六西格码方法的选择扩展到了系统的多标准决策，其中考虑了不确定性下的多个冲突标准。此外，虽然SAHP最初被认为是对六西格码（Six Sigma）内的改进或重新设计问题的特定帮助，但这项研究表明它可能更广泛地适用。这项研究还提供了证据，说明了如何考虑影响必需六西格码方法选择的不同因素。研究的其他领域包括使用实证主义方法，以增加研究的样本量并确定影响决策改进或重新设计的不同因素。 SAHP软件的开发以及将SAHP实践扩展到不同的多准则决策也是潜在的研究领域。

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    Bañuelas Ricardo;

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  • 年度 2005
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