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British Quaker women and peace, 1880s to 1920s

机译：英国贵格会女性与和平，1880年代至20世纪20年代

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摘要

This thesis explores the lives of four British Quaker women—Isabella Ford, Isabel Fry, Margery Fry, and Ruth Fry—focusing on the way they engaged in peace issues in the early twentieth century. In order to examine the complexity and diversity of their experiences, this thesis investigates the characteristics of their Quakerism, pacifism and wider political and personal life, as well as the connections between them. In contrast to O’Donnell’s view that most radical Victorian Quaker women left Quakerism to follow their political pursuits with like-minded friends outside of Quakerism, Isabella Ford, one of the most radical socialists, and feminists among Quakers remained as a Quaker. British Quakers were divided on peace issues but those who disagreed with the general Quaker approach resigned and were not disowned; the case of Isabel Fry is a good example of this. This thesis argues that the experiences of four Quaker women highlight the permissive approach Quakerism afforded its participants in the early twentieth century, challenging previous interpretations of Quakerism as a mono-culture. Highlighting the swift change within Quakerism from being the closed group of the nineteenth to a more open group in the twentieth century, this thesis describes the varied and varying levels of commitment these women had to the group as ‘elastic Quakerism’.
机译：本文探讨了四位英国贵格会妇女的生活-伊莎贝拉·福特，伊莎贝尔·弗莱，玛格丽·弗莱和露丝·弗莱，着重探讨了她们在20世纪初参与和平问题的方式。为了考察他们经历的复杂性和多样性，本文研究了他们的贵格会主义，和平主义和更广泛的政治和个人生活的特点，以及他们之间的联系。与O'Donnell的观点相反，大多数激进的维多利亚贵格会女性都离开了Quakerism，与Quakerism之外的志同道合的朋友们追随自己的政治追求，而最激进的社会主义者之一的Isabella Ford和Quakers中的女权主义者仍然是Quaker。英国贵格会在和平问题上存在分歧，但那些不同意贵格会的一般做法的人辞职了，没有被解雇。伊莎贝尔·弗莱（Isabel Fry）就是一个很好的例子。本文认为，四位贵格会妇女的经历凸显了贵格会主义在二十世纪初为参与者提供的宽容态度，挑战了以前对贵格会教义作为一种单一文化的解释。这篇论文强调了Quakerism内部的迅速变化，从19世纪的封闭群体到20世纪更加开放的群体，描述了这些女性对“弹性Quakerism”的承诺程度各不相同。

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    Cho Mijin;

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  • 年度 2010
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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 English
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