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Gastrointestinal tract size, total-tract digestibility, and rumen microflora in different dairy cow genotypes

机译：不同奶牛基因型的胃肠道大小，总肠道消化率和瘤胃微生物区系

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The superior milk production efficiency of Jersey (JE) and Jersey × Holstein-Friesian (JE × HF) cows compared with Holstein-Friesian (HF) has been widely published. The biological differences among dairy cow genotypes, which could contribute to the milk production efficiency differences, have not been as widely studied however. A series of component studies were conducted using cows sourced from a longer-term genotype comparison study (JE, JE × HF, and HF). The objectives were to (1) determine if differences exist among genotypes regarding gastrointestinal tract (GIT) weight, (2) assess and quantify whether the genotypes tested differ in their ability to digest perennial ryegrass, and (3) examine the relative abundance of specific rumen microbial populations potentially relating to feed digestibility. Over 3 yr, the GIT weight was obtained from 33 HF, 35 JE, and 27 JE × HF nonlactating cows postslaughter. During the dry period the cows were offered a perennial ryegrass silage diet at maintenance level. The unadjusted GIT weight was heavier for the HF than for JE and JE × HF. When expressed as a proportion of body weight (BW), JE and JE × HF had a heavier GIT weight than HF. In vivo digestibility was evaluated on 16 each of JE, JE × HF, and HF lactating dairy cows. Cows were individually stalled, allowing for the total collection of feces and were offered freshly cut grass twice daily. During this time, daily milk yield, BW, and dry matter intake (DMI) were greater for HF and JE × HF than for JE; milk fat and protein concentration ranked oppositely. Daily milk solids yield did not differ among the 3 genotypes. Intake capacity, expressed as DMI per BW, tended to be different among treatments, with JE having the greatest DMI per BW, HF the lowest, and JE × HF being intermediate. Production efficiency, expressed as milk solids per DMI, was higher for JE than HF and JE × HF. Digestive efficiency, expressed as digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, N, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, was higher for JE than HF. In grazing cows (n = 15 per genotype) samples of rumen fluid, collected using a transesophageal sampling device, were analyzed to determine the relative abundance of rumen microbial populations of cellulolytic bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. These are critically important for fermentation of feed into short-chain fatty acids. A decrease was observed in the relative abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the JE rumen compared with HF and JE × HF. We can deduce from this study that the JE genotype has greater digestibility and a different rumen microbial population than HF. Jersey and JE × HF cows had a proportionally greater GIT weight than HF. These differences are likely to contribute to the production efficiency differences among genotypes previously reported.
机译：与荷斯坦-弗里斯兰（HF）相比，泽西（JE）和泽西·荷斯坦-弗里斯兰（JE×HF）奶牛的牛奶生产效率更高。奶牛基因型之间的生物学差异可能会导致牛奶生产效率的差异，但是尚未得到广泛的研究。使用来自长期基因型比较研究（JE，JE×HF和HF）的奶牛进行了一系列成分研究。目的是（1）确定有关胃肠道（GIT）重量的基因型之间是否存在差异；（2）评估和量化所测试的基因型在消化多年生黑麦草的能力上是否不同；以及（3）检查特定基因型的相对丰度瘤胃微生物种群可能与饲料消化率有关。在3年多的时间里，从33 HF，35 JE和27 JE×HF非泌乳牛屠宰后获得GIT体重。在干旱期间，向母牛提供维持水平的多年生黑麦草青贮饲料。 HF的未经调整的GIT重量比JE和JE×HF的重。当以体重（BW）的比例表示时，JE和JE×HF的GIT重量比HF重。对16头JE，JE×HF和HF泌乳奶牛进行体内消化率评估。将母牛单独停顿，以收集全部粪便，并每天两次提供新鲜割下的草。在此期间，HF和JE×HF的每日产奶量，体重和干物质摄入量（DMI）高于JE；牛奶中的脂肪和蛋白质浓度排名相反。这三种基因型之间的每日乳固体产量没有差异。摄入量表示为每BW的DMI，在各处理之间趋于不同，JE每BW的DMI最大，HF最低，JE×HF为中等。 JE的生产效率以每个DMI的乳固体表示，高于HF和JE×HF。 JE的消化效率以干物质，有机物质，N，中性洗涤剂纤维和酸性洗涤剂纤维的消化率表示，高于HF。在放牧的奶牛（每基因型n = 15）中，使用经食道取样装置收集的瘤胃液样品经过分析，以确定瘤胃微生物的纤维素分解细菌，原生动物和真菌的相对丰度。这些对于将饲料发酵成短链脂肪酸至关重要。与HF和JE×HF相比，JE瘤胃中黄褐球菌的相对丰度降低了。从这项研究中我们可以得出，与HF相比，JE基因型具有更高的消化率和不同的瘤胃微生物种群。泽西岛和JE×HF牛的GIT体重比HF高。这些差异可能导致先前报道的基因型之间的生产效率差异。

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