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Soft Law as a New Mode of Governance: A Legal Perspective

机译：软法作为一种新的治理模式：法律视角

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摘要

After a brief review of the history and typology of soft law in public international law, we approach the concept deductively. We reject the binary view and subscribe to the continuum view. Building on the idea of graduated normativity and on the prototype theory of concepts, we submit that soft law is in the penumbra of law. It can be distinguished from purely political documents more or less readily, depending on its closeness to the prototype of law. Insights gained by the study of public international soft law are relevant to EC and EU soft law despite some differences between those legal orders. European soft law is created by institutions, Member States, and private actors. The legal effects of soft law acts can be clustered according to their relation to hard law. Both practical and normative considerations motivate reliance on soft law. An examination of the soft legal consequences of a disregard of soft law shows that compliance control mechanisms for hard and soft international law are converging. Moreover, some factors of compliance are independent of the theoretical hardness or softness of a given norm. In a legal policy perspective, the proliferation of soft law carries both dangers and benefits. Especially soft acts with a lawplus function do not weaken the respective regimes, but perfect them.
机译：在简要回顾了国际公法中软法的历史和类型之后，我们演绎地介绍了该概念。我们拒绝二进制视图并订阅连续视图。在渐进规范性的思想和概念原型理论的基础上，我们认为软法则是法律的半影。根据它与法律原型的接近程度，可以或多或少地将其与纯粹的政治文件区分开。通过研究国际公共软法获得的见解与欧共体和欧盟软法有关，尽管这些法律命令之间存在一些差异。欧洲软法是由机构，会员国和私人行为者创建的。软法行为的法律效力可以根据其与硬法之间的关系进行汇总。实际和规范性考虑都促使人们依赖软法。对无视软法的软法律后果的研究表明，针对硬国际法和软国际法的遵守控制机制正在融合。此外，某些合规性因素与给定规范的理论硬度或柔软性无关。从法律政策的角度来看，软法的扩散既带来危险，也带来好处。特别是具有法律加功能的轻柔行为不会削弱各自的政权，反而会完善它们。

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