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The Metropolitan Auckland Project: a step-change in governance and regional economic development in a city-region

机译：大都会奥克兰项目：城市地区治理和区域经济发展的一个转变

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摘要

Internationally there has been considerable interest in how the governance structures of large cities can be designed to support economic development. The concurrent forces of globalisation and urbanisation have forced governments to consider the management, efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of their large cities. Business leadership groups, concerned with attracting talent and investment to remain competitive, add pressure to include wider knowledge and experience in the governance of cities. Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand, but it was considered to be under-performing economically in 2000. In 1999, a new Labour-led government initiated a series of regional development policies that were a marked departure from the previous neo-liberal period of 1984-1999. Between 2000 and 2010 a series of initiatives were undertaken to improve Auckland’s economic performance. One of these initiatives was the Metropolitan Auckland Project. This thesis had two main aims: (1) to explore the process and outcomes of the Metropolitan Auckland Project, and (2) to gain a greater understanding of metropolitan governance and economic development in city-regions. Two philosophical approaches, systems thinking and pragmatism, were used in the construction of the research. Systems thinking provided an approach to linking phenomena and identifying layers of analysis to track long-run effects. A pragmatist approach meant that methodology and methods were constructed to answer three research questions: (1) is it possible to design an intervention to act as a catalyst for a step-change in the economic development of a city-region? (2) What roles do governance, institutions, partnerships and leaders play in achieving a step-change in the economic development of a city-region? (3) What factors influence a step-change and create long-run impacts in the economic development of a city-region? Two methodologies and four methods were employed. A single-case embedded case study and realistic impact evaluation were used to gain an in-depth understanding of the context, processes, mechanisms and outcomes of the project. Methods for data collection were, a literature review conducted in two related domains - new regionalism and endogenous regional economic development, documentary analysis, participant research and 20 semi-structured key stakeholder interviews. It was found that the Metropolitan Auckland Project was the catalyst for a step-change in governance and regional economic development in Auckland. This included a stronger focus on city-regional economic development governance, policy and practice, changed perceptions about the role of Auckland in the national economy, and new governance, institutional and planning arrangements resulting in a single metropolitan authority created in 2010. However, behavioural changes in new institutional arrangements did not necessarily follow, and greater subsidiarity and partnership with central government in addressing key development issues were not markedly improved. It was also found that it is possible to design high-level interventions to enhance economic development in city-regions but that this takes careful consideration of the context for development, the partnerships formed, the institutions involved or created, the expertise required, the buy-in required, and the mechanisms employed. Seven factors that contributed to a step-change in the governance and economic development of Auckland were found to be relevant to other city-regions facing similar challenges.
机译：在国际上，人们对如何设计大城市的治理结构以支持经济发展抱有浓厚的兴趣。全球化和城市化的并存力量迫使政府考虑其大城市的管理，效率，竞争力和可持续性。与吸引人才和投资以保持竞争力有关的企业领导小组增加了在城市治理中纳入更广泛的知识和经验的压力。奥克兰是新西兰最大的城市，但在2000年被认为在经济上表现不佳。1999年，新一届由工党领导的政府提出了一系列区域发展政策，这些政策明显不同于先前的新自由主义时期1984-1999年。在2000年至2010年之间，采取了一系列举措来改善奥克兰的经济表现。这些举措之一是奥克兰大都会项目。本文的主要目的有两个：（1）探索奥克兰大都市项目的过程和成果；（2）进一步了解城市地区的都市治理和经济发展。本研究的构建采用了两种哲学方法：系统思维和实用主义。系统思考提供了一种方法，可以将现象联系起来并确定分析层次以跟踪长期影响。实用主义的方法意味着构造了方法论和方法来回答三个研究问题：（1）是否可以设计一种干预措施来促进城市地区经济发展的逐步转变？ （2）治理，机构，伙伴关系和领导者在实现城市地区经济发展的阶段性变化中扮演什么角色？ （3）哪些因素会影响城市发展，对城市地区的经济发展产生长期影响？采用了两种方法和四种方法。通过单例嵌入式案例研究和现实影响评估，可以深入了解项目的背景，流程，机制和结果。数据收集的方法是，在两个相关领域中进行文献综述-新区域主义和内生性区域经济发展，文献分析，参与者研究和20次半结构性主要利益相关者访谈。人们发现，奥克兰大都市项目是奥克兰市治理和区域经济发展发生重大变化的催化剂。这包括更加注重城市区域经济发展的治理，政策和实践，对奥克兰在国民经济中作用的改变的认识，以及新的治理，体制和规划安排，从而在2010年建立了一个大都会政府。新的体制安排不一定会发生变化，在解决关键发展问题上与中央政府的更大补助和伙伴关系也没有得到明显改善。还发现，可以设计高层干预措施来促进城市地区的经济发展，但这要仔细考虑发展的背景，所建立的伙伴关系，所涉及或所建立的机构，所需的专业知识，购买-必需，以及采用的机制。人们发现，导致奥克兰的治理和经济发展发生阶跃变化的七个因素与面临类似挑战的其他城市地区有关。

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    Wilson David Ashley;

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