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Assessing the impact of groundwater contamination on stream water quality by multiple approaches at the groundwater-surface water interface (Invited Presentation)

机译：通过地下水 - 地表水界面的多种方法评估地下水污染对河流水质的影响（特邀报告）

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Contaminants such as chlorinated solvents and pesticides, as well as new classes of compounds or emerging micropollutants are extensively produced, utilized and then discarded in society and subsequently released to streams from multiple point and diffuse sources. Sustainable management of water resources requires assessment of multiple contamination sources within a watershed in order to assess their direct impact on water quality. Determination of flow paths and groundwater fluxes are essential for evaluating the transport, fate and potential impact of contaminant plumes discharging to streams. This implies that investigators have the tools to evaluate the governing parameters, including an appreciation of the scale of variability, as well as conceptual and numerical models that incorporate the various mechanisms affecting flow and transport.A major multidisciplinary field scale investigation of the Grindsted stream area including geology, hydrogeology, geophysics, environmental chemistry, ecology and environmental engineering was carried out in 2012-2017, to develop the scientific basis for conducting risk assessments for contaminated sites impacting surface waters. The Grindsted stream area is a well-studied site, affected by many polluting sources including the plume from a former pharmaceutical factory. Our overall aim of the field investigations was to (i) test the applicability of different methods for mapping groundwater pollution as it enters streams at a complex site, and (ii) perform a source identification and risk assessment of the stream’s chemical and ecological status.The study included development of a geological and hydrogeological model, numerical modeling of the flow and transport, mapping of the contaminant plume, and detailed field investigations at the main entry point of the plume. We quantified the contaminant mass discharge and attenuation of the plume at the groundwater-surface interface by different approaches (control planes at stream bank, in the hyporheic zone and in the stream using traditional and innovative tools and models for determination of flow and contaminant fluxes).The field methods and key findings regarding contaminant mass discharge, and challenges with respect to multiple stressor impact on streams will be discussed in the presentation
机译：诸如氯化溶剂和杀虫剂之类的污染物以及新型化合物或新兴的微污染物被大量生产，利用，然后在社会上丢弃，随后从多点和扩散源释放到河流中。水资源的可持续管理要求评估流域内的多种污染源，以评估其对水质的直接影响。确定流径和地下水通量对于评估污染物羽流向河流的迁移，命运和潜在影响至关重要。这意味着研究人员具有评估控制参数的工具，包括对可变性规模的了解，以及包含影响流量和运输的各种机制的概念和数值模型.Grindsted河床地区的一个主要的多学科领域规模调查2012-2017年开展了包括地质，水文地质，地球物理，环境化学，生态和环境工程在内的研究，以为进行影响地表水污染场地的风险评估提供科学依据。 Grindsted流域是一个经过充分研究的站点，受到许多污染源的影响，包括来自前制药厂的烟羽。我们实地调查的总体目标是（i）测试当地下水进入复杂地点的地下水污染时，采用不同方法绘制地下水污染的方法，以及（ii）对河流的化学和生态状况进行来源识别和风险评估。该研究包括开发地质和水文地质模型，流量和输运的数值模型，污染物羽流的制图，以及羽流主要入口点的详细现场调查。我们通过不同的方法（使用传统和创新的确定流量和污染物通量的工具和模型，通过不同的方法（在河岸，水流带和河流中的控制平面）对地下水-地表界面污染物的质量排放和衰减进行了量化。演讲中将讨论有关污染物大量排放的现场方法和关键发现，以及多重应力源对河流影响的挑战

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