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Economic analysis ofudExternalities in coastaludMariculture

机译：ud的经济分析沿海的外部性 ud海水养殖

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Coastal mariculture in the strict sense has not taken off in India due toudmany techno-bio-socio-economic factors. Hence a thorough economic analysis ofudcoastal aquaculture in Kerala with specific reference to externalities has beenudattempted in the present study. The sample design of the study covers 208 farmsudpracticing different types of mariculture in four districts of Kerala and the data wereudcollected during 2001-03.udPollution was found to be the externality with significant effect,udseriously affecting shrimp culture. This is clearly indicated by the reduction inudproduction (37%) and reduced lease amount of Rs. 7,5001acre over the last eightudyears (1995-2003) in the study area. Although effluent standards have been set forudthe seafood industry and processing units, the absence of proper controlling andudmonitoring mechanism have led to the free flow of pollutants into the water bodies.udThe aver-def expenditure incurred for one acre of shrimp farm was Rs. 615.61udannum. The contingent valuation technique showed that about 50% of the farmersudwere willing to pay for getting good quality water for shrimp culture by establishing audcommon treatment plant. About 33 % of the farmers opined that polluters have toudpay. The hedonic analysis showed that water quality index and water exchangeudindex were significant at 1 % level in determining land value, clearly indicating theudinfluence of water characteristics. In Kerala, polluter pay principle in general wasudfound to be more effective in dealing with externalities like pollution. Top priorityudshould be given to establish treatment plants by the industrial units considering theudlong term benefits. Local bodies like Panchayats are to be given the rights forudmonitoring of these treatment plants to avoid environmental degradation.udThe total extent of mangrove areas in and around Cochin backwatersudand Vembanad lake reduced from 70,000 ha in 1975 to a mere 455 ha in 2002. Theudmangrove areas were converted for various purposes like coconut plantations,udshrimp culture, reclamation and other development activities. About 21 .5% of theudsample farms were built on mangrove areas. Mangrove destruction due to shrimpudfarming was found to be significant in the present study. The cost benefit analysisudand economics of land use options in mangroves studied by different workersudshowed clearly that mangroves are not waste lands to be reclaimed.
机译：严格意义上讲，沿海沿海海水养殖在印度还没有起飞，原因是技术技术，生物，社会，经济因素众多。因此，本研究对喀拉拉邦沿海水产养殖进行了全面的经济分析，特别是对外部性的参考。该研究的样本设计涵盖了喀拉拉邦四个地区的208个养殖场，从事不同类型的海水养殖，并且在2001-03年度收集了数据。减少的 udproduction（37％）和减少的Rs租赁额清楚地表明了这一点。研究区域最近八年（1995-2003年）的土地面积为7,5001英亩。尽管已经为海鲜产业和加工单位设定了出水标准，但是缺乏适当的控制和监控机制导致污染物自由流入水体。 ud一亩虾场的平均国防费支出是卢比。 615.61 udannum。权变估值技术表明，约有50％的养殖者愿意通过建立一个 udman污水处理厂来为虾养殖获得优质的水而支付。大约33％的农民认为污染者必须支付 udpay。特征分析表明，水质指数和水交换 ud指数在确定土地价值的1％水平上具有显着性，清楚地表明了水质特征的影响。在喀拉拉邦，普遍发现污染者付费原则在处理诸如污染之类的外部性方面更为有效。考虑到长期的利益，工业部门应该优先建立污水处理厂。诸如Panchayats之类的当地机构应有权监督这些处理厂以避免环境恶化。 2002年。 udmangrove地区被改作各种用途，例如椰子种植园， udshrimp文化，开垦和其他发展活动。约21 .5％的 udsample农场建在红树林地区。在本研究中，发现由于虾养殖造成的红树林破坏非常重要。成本收益分析不同工人研究的红树林土地使用选择的经济学分析 ud清楚地表明，红树林不是要开垦的荒地。

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    Joseph Juliet;

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