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The Construction and Optimization on an Ion Mobility Spectrometer for the Analysis of Explosives and Drugs

机译：用于分析炸药和药物的离子迁移谱仪的构建和优化

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Today, over 15,000 Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) analyzers are employed at worldwide security checkpoints to detect explosives and illicit drugs. Current portal IMS instruments and other electronic nose technologies detect explosives and drugs by analyzing samples containing the headspace air and loose particles residing on a surface. Canines can outperform these systems at sampling and detecting the low vapor pressure explosives and drugs, such as RDX, PETN, cocaine, and MDMA, because these biological detectors target the volatile signature compounds available in the headspace rather than the non-volatile parent compounds of explosives and drugs. In this dissertation research volatile signature compounds available in the headspace over explosive and drug samples were detected using SPME as a headspace sampling tool coupled to an IMS analyzer. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique was developed to optimize the operating conditions of a commercial IMS (GE Itemizer 2), leading to the successful detection of plastic explosives (Detasheet, Semtex H, and C-4) and illicit drugs (cocaine, MDMA, and marijuana). Short sampling times (between 10 sec to 5 min) were adequate to extract and preconcentrate sufficient analytes (u3e 20 ng) representing the volatile signatures in the headspace of a 15 mL glass vial or a quart-sized can containing ≤ 1 g of the bulk explosive or drug. Furthermore, a research grade IMS with flexibility for changing operating conditions and physical configurations was designed and fabricated to accommodate future research into different analytes or physical configurations. The design and construction of the FIU-IMS were facilitated by computer modeling and simulation of ion’s behavior within an IMS. The simulation method developed uses SIMION/SDS and was evaluated with experimental data collected using a commercial IMS (PCP Phemto Chem 110). The FIU-IMS instrument has comparable performance to the GE Itemizer 2 (average resolving power of 14, resolution of 3 between two drugs and two explosives, and LODs range from 0.7 to 9 ng). The results from this dissertation further advance the concept of targeting volatile components to presumptively detect the presence of concealed bulk explosives and drugs by SPME-IMS, and the new FIU-IMS provides a flexible platform for future IMS research projects.
机译：如今，全球安全检查站使用了超过15,000个离子迁移谱（IMS）分析仪来检测爆炸物和非法药物。当前的门户IMS仪器和其他电子鼻技术通过分析包含顶空空气和残留在表面上的松散颗粒的样品来检测爆炸物和毒品。犬可以在采样和检测低蒸气压炸药和药物（例如RDX，PETN，可卡因和MDMA）时胜过这些系统，因为这些生物检测器的目标是顶空可用的挥发性特征化合物，而不是非挥发性的母体化合物。炸药和毒品。在本研究中，使用SPME作为与IMS分析仪耦合的顶空进样工具，检测了爆炸物和药物样品顶空中的挥发性特征化合物。开发了一种遗传算法（GA）技术来优化商用IMS（GE Itemizer 2）的操作条件，从而成功检测出塑料炸药（Detasheet，Semtex H和C-4）和非法药物（可卡因，MDMA）和大麻）。较短的采样时间（10秒至5分钟之间）足以提取和预浓缩足够的分析物（20 ng），这些分析物表示15 mL玻璃小瓶或夸脱大小的罐中≤1 g的罐顶空间中的挥发性特征。散装炸药或毒品。此外，设计和制造了具有灵活性的研究级IMS，可以灵活地更改操作条件和物理配置，以适应未来对不同分析物或物理配置的研究。通过在IMS中对离子行为进行计算机建模和仿真，可以促进FIU-IMS的设计和构建。开发的模拟方法使用SIMION / SDS，并使用商业IMS（PCP Phemto Chem 110）收集的实验数据进行了评估。 FIU-IMS仪器的性能可与GE Itemizer 2媲美（平均分辨力为14，两种药物和两种炸药之间的分辨率为3，LOD范围为0.7至9 ng）。这篇论文的结果进一步推动了以SPME-IMS为目标的挥发性成分的概念，以推测性地发现隐蔽的炸药和毒品的存在，而新的FIU-IMS为未来的IMS研究项目提供了一个灵活的平台。

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    Lai Hanh Tuyet;

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