The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating tuberculosis comprising a Nutlin-3α compound as an active ingredient. Nutlin-3α compound as an active ingredient of the present invention has an effect of inhibiting the proliferation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inducing apoptosis of macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis through p53 overexpression. It can be usefully used in the prevention or treatment of tuberculosis.
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