The present invention relates to a poly-substituted 4H-thiazolo[4,5-e][1,4]diazepine-5,8-dione derivative represented by chemical formula 1, and a use of the same as a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating vascular inflammation-associated infections induced by the activation of HMGB1 protein containing the same as an effective component. As a result of screening for antiseptic effects through CLP-induced sepsis animal experiments, the poly-substituted 4H-thiazolo[4,5-e][1,4]diazepine-5,8-dione derivative of the present invention was found to increase the survival rate of patients with sepsis, and thus the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, by comprising the poly-substituted 4H-thiazolo[4,5-e][1,4]diazepine-5,8-dione derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective component, may be beneficially used as a therapeutic agent for vascular inflammation and infection diseases including sepsis induced by the activation of HMGB1 protein.
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