首页> 外国专利> A PROCESS FOR PRETREATMENT OF JATROPHA/PONGAMIA SEED BEFORE OIL EXPULSION TO REUDCE FREE FATTY ACIDS IN OIL AND TO INCREASE OIL YIELD FOR HIGHER BIODIESEL RECOVERY

A PROCESS FOR PRETREATMENT OF JATROPHA/PONGAMIA SEED BEFORE OIL EXPULSION TO REUDCE FREE FATTY ACIDS IN OIL AND TO INCREASE OIL YIELD FOR HIGHER BIODIESEL RECOVERY

机译：排油前预处理麻风树/石榴皮的方法，以减少油中的游离脂肪酸并增加油产量，以提高生物柴油的回收率

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摘要

The invention is related to the process applied to the to Jatropha and Pongamia seeds before mechanical expelling of oil from the conventional and modified expellers to get more oil yield and to reduce the free fatty acids by controlling the oxidation during oil extraction process to increase the biodiesel recovery from the oil with transesterification. In prior art of conventional process of oil extraction, mechanical expellers are used to expel the oil out of the seeds by using screw pressing in India. How ever, all the conventional expellers are basically designed for edible oil seeds which are very soft and contain more oil per unit volume. But the Jatropha and Pongamia seeds vary in size and shape consists of more wax and gums in the form of phospatides than the normal oil seeds. In normal process, the oil expulsion from these seeds demands more pressure in the expeller oil chamber which increases the chamber temperature above 80 and increases the oxidation rate of the oil due to some oxidative enzymes in the seed and results in increase of free fatty acids in the end product. The oxidation rate will be more under higher temperature conditions. The increase in free fatty acids also increases the viscosity of the oil which will have a negative effect for biodiesel production. Keeping all these points in view, a novel process is developed and tested for pretreatment of seed to expel the oil and to prepare Biodiesel at Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad. This process consists of pretreating the Pongamia/ Jatropha seed before oil expulsion with optimum concentration of NaOH solution. It involves soaking the seed for 20-30 minutes in the NaOH aqueous solution at 80° C and drying the seed in open sun for 2 hours. This process reduces the activity of the oxidative enzymes present in the seed. It also opens up the cells of the oil glands present in the seed which results in more oil recovery during mechanical oil extraction process. Since the seed becomes soft with loosened tissues, the load on the oil expeller reduces which intums reduces the specific energy requirement. This process helps in reducing the blockage of cake which results in reduction in temperature in the oil chambers. All these factors reduce the free fatty acids in oil with significant increase in oil recovery. If the pretreated oil consists of free fatty acids less than 3 %, single stage transesterification can be used with Potassium hydroxide as catalyst with optimum concentration. Other wise two stage transesterification is to be preferred to produce Biodiesel with sulphuric acid as acid catalyst in first stage and Potassium hydroxide as base catalyst in second stage with optimum concentration. The above said process enhances the oil recovery by 4-6 % with low free fatty acids with reduction in viscosity. This also increases the Biodiesel recovery by 6-9 % based on the feed stock. The viscosity of the Pretreated Biodiesel will be less when compared to the untreated Biodiesel. The fuel characteristics of the Pretreated Biodiesel will be superior over the conventional one.

机译：本发明涉及在从常规和改良的推进器中机械排出油之前，将其应用于麻疯树和庞加米种子的方法，以通过在抽油过程中控制氧化以增加生物柴油来获得更多的油产量并减少游离脂肪酸。通过酯交换从油中回收。在常规的油提取工艺的现有技术中，在印度使用机械压榨机通过使用螺杆压榨将油从种子中排出。但是，所有传统的螺旋桨基本上都是为食用油的种子设计的，食用油的种子非常柔软，每单位体积含有更多的油。但是，麻风树和Pongamia种子的大小和形状各不相同，与普通油料种子相比，以磷脂形式存在的蜡和树胶更多。在正常过程中，从这些种子中排出油的过程需要在推进器油室中施加更大的压力，这会增加室温度至80以上，并由于种子中的某些氧化酶而增加油的氧化速率，并导致油中游离脂肪酸的增加。最终产品。在较高温度条件下，氧化速率会更高。游离脂肪酸的增加也增加了油的粘度，这将对生物柴油的生产产生负面影响。考虑到所有这些观点，在海得拉巴Santoshnagar旱地农业中央研究所开发并测试了一种用于种子预处理的新工艺，并进行了测试，以排出油脂并制备生物柴油。此过程包括在驱油前用最佳浓度的NaOH预处理Pongamia /麻风树种子。它涉及将种子在80°C的NaOH水溶液中浸泡20-30分钟，并在阳光直射下干燥2小时。该过程降低了种子中存在的氧化酶的活性。它还会打开种子中存在的油腺细胞，从而在机械采油过程中获得更多的采油量。由于种子由于组织松弛而变软，因此榨油机上的负载减少，从而降低了比能量需求。此过程有助于减少滤饼堵塞，从而降低油腔内的温度。所有这些因素都会减少油中的游离脂肪酸，从而显着提高油的采收率。如果预处理的油由少于3％的游离脂肪酸组成，则可以将单步酯交换反应与最佳浓度的氢氧化钾一起用作催化剂。否则，优选两步酯交换反应以生产生物柴油，其中第一阶段以硫酸作为酸催化剂，第二阶段以最佳浓度用氢氧化钾作为碱催化剂。上述方法利用低游离脂肪酸将油的采收率提高了4-6％，同时降低了粘度。这也使基于原料的生物柴油回收率提高了6-9％。与未处理的生物柴油相比，预处理的生物柴油的粘度会更低。经预处理的生物柴油的燃料特性将优于传统的生物柴油。

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公开/公告号IN2009CH01084A

专利类型
公开/公告日2014-01-10

原文格式PDF
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申请/专利号IN1084/CHE/2009
发明设计人 DR INDAVARAPU SRINIVAS;DR VENKAT MANOHAR MAYANDE;DR KORADA VISWANATHA SHARMA;DR GANDHE RAJESWARRAO;DR SUSHIL KUMAR YADAV;
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申请日2009-05-11
分类号
国家 IN
入库时间 2022-08-21 15:57:47

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