A mode-locked fiber laser system is presented with an improved optical cavity structure having a lower doped and longer gain medium. The laser system comprises: a laser source operable to produce a light beam; an optical cavity structure operable to amplify a light beam propagating therethrough; and a beam splitter operable to output the amplified light beam from the optical cavity. The optical cavity includes a single-mode fiber section and a gain fiber section doped with a lanthanide element, such as erbium or ytterbium, where the ratio between length of the gain fiber section to a total length of the cavity structure is greater than 1:5. By increasing length of the gain medium, peak power of the generated pulse is increased while keeping the nonlinear phase shift constant to avoid optical wave breaking.
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