A method of generating prediction vectors of reference information is used when separating a subject image of encoding or decoding into blocks, applying an interframe motion prediction encoding scheme or a parallax compensation prediction encoding scheme to respective blocks, generating a prediction image of subject blocks on the basis of the reference image of the subject blocks and the reference information showing the position of a region corresponding to the subject blocks in the reference image and encoding or decoding the image. The prediction vector generation method yields superior encoding efficiency by having a prediction generation vector step of generating prediction vectors of the subject blocks using information showing distances corresponding to the subject image, and the reference information of blocks adjoining the subject blocks.
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