An audio encoder/decoder adopting a high-speed analysis filtering algorithm is provided. The audio encoder has a mapping unit for classifying a received audio signal according to a frequency band by using the high-speed band analysis filtering algorithm, a psychoacoustic model for assigning bits to each frequency band using psychoacoustic characteristics, a quantizing and encoding unit for quantizing and encoding the mapped signal according to the number of bits assigned to each frequency band, and a frame packing unit for generating a bit stream from a signal output from said quantizing and encoding unit. The audio decoder has a frame unpacking unit for unpacking a signal from a coded and received bit stream, a decoding and inverse-quantizing unit for decoding and inverse-quantizing said quantized signal, and an inverse- mapping unit for time/frequency-inverse-mapping the inverse- quantized signal by using the high-speed band synthesis filtering algorithm.
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