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Improvements in or relating to trainers for instructing aviation pupils on the ground
Improvements in or relating to trainers for instructing aviation pupils on the ground
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机译：改进或有关在地面上指导航空学生的教练的工作
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561,835. Training aviators. LINK AVIATION DEVICES, Inc. July 29, 1942, No. 10617. Convention date, Aug. 8, 1941. [Class 4] A " Link " trainer coupled to a recorder has means for influencing the movement of the recorder in accordance with the direction and speed of an assumed wind, this means comprising a deformable triangle having one side fixed in direction but variable in length in proportion to the assumed air speed of the trainer as controlled by the throttle setting, and a second side having its length varied in accordance with the assumed wind speed and its direction adjusted jointly in accordance with the direction of the assumed wind and the position in azimuth of the trainer fuselage. The direction of movement of the recorder is finally determined jointly by the direction of the third side of the triangle and the position in azimuth of the trainer fuselage, and the speed of movement by the length of the third side of the triangle. The trainer is of the kind described in Specifications 481,375 and 370,128, and the recorder is described in Specification 484,243. The instructor's desk on which the-recorder moves to indicate the track of the supported flight has means for simulating radio signals to the trainer as described in Specification 476,816, and means for communicating the direction and strength of a supposed wind to the wind drift instrument which is shown in sectional elevation and plan respectively in Figs. 2 and 3. The cockpit heading is continuously transmitted to a shaft 32 in the intrument and the supposed wind speed and direction are respectively communicated to shafts 34 and 36. The deformable triangle ABC has a fixed corner B, the corner A being movable towards and away from the corner B in a fixed vertical plane containing the latter in accordance with the throttle setting. The corner C is carried by a slide 138 movable radially in a guide 140 turnable about a vertical axis at the corner B. A carriage 58 is movable along guides 56, 74 by means of a rack 64 engaged by a pinion 66 driven by a reversible motor 60 under control of a follow-up switch carried by a pulley 54 which is urged in one direction by a,spring and in the other direction by a cable 52 connected to the throttle lever in the trainer. The carriage 58 has a housing 230 supporting a vertical shaft 232 having its axis at the corner A. This shaft has a toothed portion 228, Fig. 4, engaged by teeth on a rack bar 224 connected at one end to a pivot at the corner C so that if either the carriage 58 or the corner C be moved the shaft will be rotated by the rack bar and its motion will be transmitted to a bevel wheel 78 rotatable in an extension 76 of the housing 230. The bevel wheel 78 can slide on a splined shaft 80 by which its motion is transmitted to the left-hand pinion of a differential gear 84. The rack bar 224 slides through a sleeve 240 on a member 242, Fig. 4, rotatable about the axis of the shaft 232. The member 242 is connected to a bevel wheel 260 by which angular movements of the member and therefore of the rack bar 224 are transmitted to a bevel wheel 270 slidable on a splined shaft 264. Rotation of the shaft 264 is transmitted through idle gears 272, 276 to a gear 280 on the frame of the differential 84 to neutralize the effect of any angular movement of the rack bar so that the output shaft 86 of the differential gear moves solely in proportion to the linear displacement of the rack bar 224. The shaft 86 has a pinion 90 gearing with a rack 91 by which a cylinder 94 is moved along a splined shaft 96 continuously rotated by a motor 98. The cylinder 94 has a raised cam portion 104 which completely surrounds the cylinder at one end and stops short of the other end of the cylinder. The cam portion engages a follower 106 to close a switch 114 for a greater or shorter time per revolution according to the axial displacement of the cylinder 94 and the impulses are transmitted to the recorder through a cable 122 to determine its speed of movement. The shaft 264 has an extension carrying a gear 282 in mesh with a gear 284 connected to the frame of a differential 42, the left pinion of which is connected to the shaft 32. Consequently the output shaft 44 of the gear moves in accordance with the coinbined angular motions of the rack bar 224 and of the trainer fuselage. This motion is transmitted through a detachable coupling 46 to an autosyn 48, connected to the recorder through a cable 50, by which the direction of movement of the recorder is controlled. The shaft 32 carries a gear 214 in mesh with a gear 216 connected to the righthand pinion of a differential gear 220, the frame of which is adjusted by the shaft 36 through a worm 148 and worm wheel 150, consequently the output shaft 152 of the differential gear moves in accordance with both the wind direction and the orientation of the trainer fuselage. This motion is transmitted through a worm 156 and worm wheel 158, Fig. 5, to a vertical shaft 160 which drives through two equal gears 166, 168 a sleeve 170 keyed to the guide 140. A gear 192 at the lower end of the shaft 160 drives through a reversing idler 194 a gear 198 connected to the pinion 206 of a differential gear 130, the frame 204 of which can be turned by a worm wheel 128 and worm 124 from the shaft 34. The opposite pinion 212 of the differential gear is connected to a shaft 132 having a pinion 136 in mesh with the slide 138 which has a pin 142 for connection to the rack bar 224. The drive from the shaft 160 ensures that the pinion 136 turns at the same rate as the sleeve 170 when the latter is turned, so that there is no resultant axial displacement of the slide 138 from this cause, such sliding only being effected by turning the shaft 34 which introduces the wind speed factor. The corner C of the triangle ABC is coincident with the axis of the pin 142, the rack bar 224 being offset equally from the axis of the pin 142 and the axis passing through point A.
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机译：561,835。培训飞行员。 LINK AVIATION DEVICES，Inc.，1942年7月29日，编号10617。会议日期，1941年8月8日。[类别4]与记录器相连的“ Link”训练器具有根据记录仪的动作影响记录器运动的装置。方向和假定风的速度，这意味着包括一个可变形的三角形，该三角形的方向固定，但长度受油门设置控制，与教练员的假定风速成比例地变化，而第二个侧面的长度变化根据假定的风速及其方向，根据假定的风向和教练机机身的方位角共同进行调整。记录器的移动方向最终由三角形的第三侧的方向和教练机机身的方位角位置以及移动速度由三角形的第三侧的长度共同确定。培训师属于规范481,375和370,128中所述的类型，而记录器则属于规范484,243中所述。记录仪在其上移动以指示所支持飞行的轨迹的教员桌具有如规范476,816中所述的用于模拟向教练员发出的无线电信号的装置，以及用于将假定风的方向和强度传达给风漂移仪的装置，图1和2分别以截面正视图和平面图示出。如图2和3所示。驾驶舱航向连续地传递到仪器中的轴32，并且假定的风速和风向分别传递给轴34和36。可变形三角形ABC具有固定的拐角B，拐角A可朝着和向着移动。根据节气门设置，在一个固定的垂直平面内远离拐角B，该垂直平面包含拐角B。拐角C由滑动件138承载，该滑动件在可绕拐角B处的竖直轴线旋转的导向器140中径向移动。滑架58借助于由可逆齿轮驱动的小齿轮66啮合的齿条64沿着导向器56、74移动。电动机60在由皮带轮54承载的跟随开关的控制下，皮带轮54被弹簧沿一个方向推动，而弹簧52沿另一方向被推动，该线缆52连接至教练机中的油门杆。滑架58具有支撑垂直轴232的壳体230，该垂直轴的轴线在拐角A处。该轴具有齿部228（图4），该齿部228通过齿条224上的齿接合，齿条224的一端连接到拐角处的枢轴。 C，使得如果托架58或拐角C移动，则轴将通过齿条杆旋转，并且其运动将被传递至可在壳体230的延伸部76中旋转的锥齿轮78。锥齿轮78可滑动。齿条224在带花键的轴80上运动，齿条的运动传递到差速器84的左侧小齿轮。齿条224穿过图2所示的构件242上的套筒240滑动，该套筒可以绕轴232的轴线旋转。构件242连接到锥齿轮260，通过该锥齿轮260，该构件以及因此齿条224的角运动被传递到可在花键轴264上滑动的锥齿轮270。轴264的旋转通过惰轮272传递， 276到齿轮280上的差速器84上的齿轮n使齿条杆的任何角度运动的影响都达到最佳，这样差动齿轮的输出轴86便仅与齿条杆224的线性位移成比例地运动。轴86的小齿轮90与齿条91啮合，通过该小齿轮90汽缸94沿着由电动机98连续旋转的花键轴96运动。汽缸94具有升高的凸轮部分104，该凸轮部分在一端完全围绕汽缸并且在汽缸的另一端附近停止。凸轮部分与从动件106接合，以根据气缸94的轴向位移在每转更长或更短的时间内闭合开关114，并且脉冲通过电缆122传输至记录器以确定其运动速度。轴264具有延伸部，该延伸部带有齿轮282，该齿轮282与连接至差速器42的框架的齿轮284啮合，该齿轮的左小齿轮连接至轴32。因此，齿轮的输出轴44根据齿轮的运动而运动。齿条224和教练机机身的共同的角运动。该运动通过可分离的联接器46传递到自动同步器48，该自动同步器通过电缆50连接到记录器，通过记录器50的运动方向来控制记录器的运动方向。轴32带有与连接至差动齿轮220的右小齿轮的齿轮216啮合的齿轮214，该齿轮的框架由轴36通过蜗杆148和蜗轮150调节，因此由蜗杆148和蜗轮150调节。差速器根据风向和教练机机身的方向移动。该运动通过蜗杆156和蜗轮158传递，图5到垂直轴160，该垂直轴160通过两个相等的齿轮166、168驱动键控到导向装置140的套筒170。在轴160的下端的齿轮192通过反向惰轮194驱动与齿轮206的小齿轮206连接的齿轮198。差动齿轮130，其框架204可以由蜗轮128和蜗杆124从轴34转动。差动齿轮的相对小齿轮212连接至轴132，该小齿轮136与滑动件138啮合。它具有用于连接到齿条224的销钉142。来自轴160的驱动确保小齿轮136在转动套筒170时以与套筒170相同的速率转动，从而不会产生滑动件的轴向位移由于这个原因，如图138所示，这种滑动仅通过转动引入风速因子的轴34来实现。三角形ABC的拐角C与销142的轴线重合，齿条224与销142的轴线和穿过点A的轴线相等地偏移。
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