Reflecting its in distance education,the International Council for Open and Distance Education(ICDE)was,until 1982,known as the International Council for Correspondence Education.However,distanceeducation has undergone a significant transficant transformation its origins in independent or correspondence study.Until recently,that transformation has been best characterized by the creation and growth of more than 50 open universities since the 1970s.Open universitisemay be viewed,from many respects,as forerunners in tackling the challenges that now confron higher education systems worldwide.
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