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首页> 外文会议>2002 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Aug 5-9, 2002, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada >DYNAMIC PIPE STRESSES DURING WATER HAMMER Ⅲ COMPLEX STRESS RELATIONSHIPS
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DYNAMIC PIPE STRESSES DURING WATER HAMMER Ⅲ COMPLEX STRESS RELATIONSHIPS

机译：水锤Ⅲ复杂应力关系时的动态管道应力。

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摘要

Complex three-dimensional dynamic stresses occur in a pipe following a water hammer event. Equations from vibration theory were adapted for use to describe the dynamic stresses at any point along the pipe wall. Hoop, radial, and axial dynamic stress equations are presented to approximate the stresses at a point on the pipe wall. Dynamic stress equations for beams and other simple shapes are also considered. The dynamic pipe stresses are affected principally by the types of water hammer waves or fluid transients, by the wave impacts at elbows or tees, and by the reflections of the waves from these elbows or tees. The three fluid transients considered are a moving step pressure wave, a ramp pressure, and a moving pressure spike. Approximate techniques are presented for evaluating the effects on piping due to the impingement of these transients on an elbow. For an equivalent pressure in a long pipe, application of the step pressure created the largest stress increases of the three transients considered. The vibration equations also prompt a solution to reduce water hammer effects. To this end, slow closing valves are frequently employed. Vibration theory may be applied to quantify the stress reductions afforded by these valves. Pipe stress equations may be manipulated to reduce pipe stresses for a linearly increasing, or ramp, pressure wave traveling along the pipe.
机译：发生水锤事件后，管道中会产生复杂的三维动态应力。来自振动理论的方程适用于描述沿管壁任意点的动应力。提出了箍，径向和轴向动应力方程，以近似于管壁上某一点的应力。还考虑了梁和其他简单形状的动应力方程。管道的动态应力主要受到水锤波或流体瞬变的类型，弯头或三通处的波浪冲击以及这些弯头或三通处的波反射的影响。所考虑的三个流体瞬变是运动阶跃压力波，斜坡压力和运动压力峰值。提出了一些近似技术来评估由于这些瞬态冲击在肘上而对管道产生的影响。对于长管中的等效压力，阶跃压力的施加在所考虑的三个瞬变中产生了最大的应力增加。振动方程还提示减少水锤效应的解决方案。为此，经常使用慢速关闭阀。振动理论可用于量化这些阀提供的应力降低。可以操纵管道应力方程式以减小管道应力，以使沿管道传播的压力波呈线性增加或倾斜。

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