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首页> 外文会议>2013 Fifth International Conference on Geo-Information Technologies for Natural Disaster Management >Hybrid Classification of Landsat Data for Land Cover Changes Analysis of the Halabja City, Iraq
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Hybrid Classification of Landsat Data for Land Cover Changes Analysis of the Halabja City, Iraq

机译：伊拉克Halabja市土地覆盖变化分析的Landsat数据混合分类

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摘要

We all witness that the earth's surface has changed attributable to two factors, natural and human activities. Human activities include land usage, deforestation and wars. To study the impacts of wars we have to identify changes to land cover on the earth's surface. For this purpose, remote sensing technology has played a significant role to monitor land cover changes. This study conducted to examine the impacts of wars on land cover in the Halabja city in the northern part of Iraq (study area) using remote sensing technology. During the last thirty years, Iraq has been immensely influenced by several wars, including the Iran-Iraq War (1980 to 1988), the Gulf War and Early Sanctions (1990 to 1993), and Operation Iraqi freedom OIF (2008 to 2011). These wars have caused huge losses in life and economic and left an aftermath of physical devastation to the land. To study these changes along the study area, the Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM+ data acquired in 1990 and 2000 were used. A post-classification technique base on hybrid classification was utilized. After pre-processing an unsupervised K-means classification was carried out first on six reflective bands with the assistance of ancillary data for two images individually followed by maximum likelihood supervised classification to classify all images into five land cover classes, water bodies, vegetation fields, forests, built-up areas and bare lands. The ground truth information collected from Google earth images, visual interpretation and expert knowledge of the area were used to assess the accuracy of the classification images. The overall accuracy was measured to be 91 and 95% with Kappa Coefficient 0.8 and 0.9 for 1990 and 2000 respectively. Post-classification change detection technique was used to produce change image through cross-tabulation to assess changes between different land cover classes. During 1990-2000, cross-tabulation highlight that 54% of water bodies, 25% of forests, 26% of built-up areas a- d 5% of bare lands decreased whilst, the vegetation fields increased about 90%.
机译：我们都目睹了地球表面的变化归因于自然和人类活动两个因素。人类活动包括土地使用，森林砍伐和战争。为了研究战争的影响，我们必须确定地球表面土地覆被的变化。为此，遥感技术在监测土地覆盖变化方面发挥了重要作用。这项研究旨在利用遥感技术研究战争对伊拉克北部哈拉卜贾市（研究区）土地覆盖的影响。在过去的三十年中，伊拉克受到数次战争的巨大影响，包括伊伊战争（1980年至1988年），海湾战争和早期制裁（1990年至1993年）以及伊拉克自由OIF行动（2008年至2011年）。这些战争造成了巨大的生命和经济损失，给土地造成了自然破坏。为了研究沿研究区域的这些变化，使用了1990年和2000年获得的Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 7 ETM +数据。利用了基于混合分类的后分类技术。经过预处理后，首先在两个反射图像的辅助数据的辅助下，在六个反射带上进行了无监督的K均值分类，然后通过最大似然监督分类将所有图像分类为五个土地覆被类别，水体，植被领域，森林，建成区和光秃秃的土地。从Google地球图像，视觉解释和该地区的专家知识中收集的地面真实信息用于评估分类图像的准确性。 1990年和2000年的Kappa系数分别为91和95％，Kappa系数分别为0.8和0.9。分类后的变化检测技术用于通过交叉制表来生成变化图像，以评估不同土地覆被类别之间的变化。在1990-2000年间，交叉制表突显出54％的水体，25％的森林，26％的建成区以及5％的裸地减少了，而植被田地增加了大约90％。

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