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首页> 外文会议>2014 Intemational Conference of Lighbling Protection >Some aspects of global lightning impacts
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Some aspects of global lightning impacts

机译：全球闪电影响的某些方面

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A review of lightning impacts around the globe is made. The historically decreasing rates of population-weighted lightning-caused fatalities and injuries in the United States are examined over the last century. A similar reduction in lightning casualty rates has occurred in recent years in Canada, Western Europe, Japan, and Australia. Of relevance in these areas is the change from a mainly rural agricultural society to a primarily urban society. The first color-coded maps by continent of lightning fatality rate per million are shown based on 22 published national-scale studies for periods ending in 1979 and later. A significant aspect of the lower casualty rates has been the widespread availability of lightning-safe large buildings and fully-enclosed metal-topped vehicles, as well as much greater awareness of the lightning threat, better medical treatment, and availability of real-time lightning information through a variety of methods. However, lightning exposure in many lesser-developed countries is more similar to that of a century ago in the developed countries, and the population in these areas may be increasing, so the number of people killed and injured by lightning may be growing globally due to these socio-economic factors. With respect to exposure of infrastructure to lightning damages, including the interruption-sensitive power grid, it appears to be increasing in more developed countries, due to a high reliance on lightning-vulnerable electronic equipment and communications. Additional very large costs are incurred in prevention and avoidance techniques to reduce or mitigate lightning-caused disruptions. In lesser-developed countries, such disruptions to power supplies and communications are also growing. Lightning additionally causes forest and range fires in many areas of the world. These damages are difficult to quantify and are variable in time and area, but preventative activities and direct impacts cost billions of dollars per year.
机译：回顾了全球的雷电影响。在过去的一个世纪中，研究了美国人口加权闪电致死和伤害的历史下降率。近年来，加拿大，西欧，日本和澳大利亚的雷电伤亡率也有类似的下降。与这些领域相关的是从主要的农村农业社会到主要的城市社会的转变。基于22个已发布的1979年及以后的国家规模研究，显示了按大陆划分的第一幅以百万分率表示的彩色编码地图。降低人员伤亡率的一个重要方面是广泛使用了防雷安全的大型建筑物和全封闭金属制车辆，并提高了人们对雷电威胁的认识，更好的医疗服务以及实时雷电的可用性通过多种方法获取信息。但是，许多欠发达国家的雷电暴露与一个世纪前的发达国家更为相似，并且这些地区的人口可能正在增加，因此，全球范围内由于雷电造成的伤亡人数可能正在增加这些社会经济因素。关于基础设施暴露于雷电损害，包括对中断敏感的电网，由于高度依赖易受雷击伤害的电子设备和通信，在发达国家中这种情况似乎正在增加。预防和避免技术的使用会产生额外的非常大的成本，以减少或减轻雷电造成的干扰。在欠发达国家，这种对电源和通信的干扰也在增加。闪电还会在世界许多地区引起森林火灾和靶场火灾。这些损害难以量化，而且时间和区域各不相同，但预防活动和直接影响每年造成数十亿美元的损失。

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