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The use of pid controller to get the stable floating condition of the objects in magnetic levitation system

机译:利用pid控制器获得磁悬浮系统中物体的稳定漂浮状态

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Magnetic Levitation or maglev is a method to make an object float in open air without any physical support utilizing force created by electromagnetic repulsion surrounding the object to counter the effect of gravitational force of the object. The object can be levitated if the force created by electromagnetic repulsion equalizes the weight of the object. Lately, this method can be found in many applications such as maglev trains, maglev toys, maglev clock, etc. In this research, we want to show how the Proportional Integral Derivative Controller also known as PID Controller can be used to stabilize magnetically levitated objects. The electromagnetic field is generated by using copper wire coil with 15 millihenry inductance while the object consists of two neodymium permanent magnetic button. The weight and the size of the magnet is 22 grams in mass with 0.5 cm in diameter and 0.5 cm thick. An N-Channel MOSFET Transistor is used to adjust the position of the object with the electromagnetic coil. The PID Controller is used to find the characteristics of the system. The system will stabilize objects floating in many different positions. Arduino Uno microcontroller is used to perform the PID Controller processing with the feedback from the Hall Effect sensor of the system. It is found that with PID parameters Kp = 2.1 Ki = 19.5 and Kd = 0.0025, the objects can be floating with stable condition at the position 1.5 cm from effect hall sensor and with Kp = 0.6, Ki = 3.0 and Kd = 0.0006, the objects can be floating with stable condition at the position 2.0 cm from the Hall Effect sensor. The range in which objects can float with stable condition is between 0.5 cm and 2.5 cm from the Hall Effect sensor of the system.
机译:磁悬浮或磁悬浮是一种利用物体周围的电磁斥力产生的力抵消物体重力而使物体漂浮在空中而无需任何物理支撑的方法。如果电磁斥力产生的力等于物体的重量,则物体可能会悬浮。最近,这种方法可以在许多应用中找到,例如磁悬浮火车,磁悬浮玩具,磁悬浮时钟等。在这项研究中,我们想展示如何使用比例积分微分控制器(也称为PID控制器)来稳定磁悬浮物体。使用15毫亨电感的铜线线圈产生电磁场,而物体由两个钕永磁按钮组成。磁铁的重量和大小为22克,直径为0.5厘米,厚度为0.5厘米。 N沟道MOSFET晶体管用于调节带有电磁线圈的物体的位置。 PID控制器用于查找系统特征。该系统将稳定漂浮在许多不同位置的物体。 Arduino Uno微控制器用于根据系统的霍尔效应传感器的反馈执行PID控制器处理。已发现,在PID参数Kp = 2.1 Ki = 19.5且Kd = 0.0025的情况下,对象可以稳定地漂浮在距效果霍尔传感器1.5 cm的位置,并且在Kp = 0.6,Ki = 3.0和Kd = 0.0006的情况下,物体可以浮动。物体可以稳定地漂浮在距离霍尔效应传感器2.0 cm的位置。物体在稳定状态下可以漂浮的范围距离系统的霍尔效应传感器在0.5厘米至2.5厘米之间。

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