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首页> 外文会议>25th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology and 12th Joint Conference on the Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology with Aamp;WMA and Fourth Symposium on the Urban Environment May 20-24, 2002 Norfolk, Virginia >OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA
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OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF URBAN HEAT ISLANDS IN SHANGHAI, CHINA

机译：上海城市热岛的观测与模拟

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As economic development, urbanization and population growth continue in China, the heat island phenomenon (UHI) has often been attributed to causing severe environmental problems in large cities, such as energy shortage, air pollution, and deterioration of living conditions. Particularly, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau noted (1998) "along with the development of the city, 'heat island effect' has become clearer and clearer, and has been the most prominent characteristic of Shanghai". The needs are acute to document and predict UHI in Shanghai, the largest commercial and industrial metropolitan city in China, in order to find effective methods to mitigate the impact of UHI. UHI is just now beginning to be researched in large cities in developing countries (e.g., Deosthali, 1999; Jauregui, 1997; Klysik and Fortuniak, 1999). All these studies documented the long-term automated observations are needed to better understand and characterize UHI in those cities. In particular, in order to mitigate UHI effects quantitatively, numerical models for predicting UHI are required. However, there are difficulties in establishing and maintaining an adequate network of observations in developing countries because of the great cost. Developing cost-effective automatic observation systems are needed. In the other hands, there are more difficulties in constructing the urban database in those countries such as landuse database, building database and others for numerical simulations, because the details of the urban landscape information have not been provided. Moreover, due to the shortages of the urban database resources, there has not yet been a single case of successful modeling the urban environments in developing countries. Hence, the purpose of this study is to pursue a cost-effective approach to develop observations and modeling of UHI for developing countries, to focus on a case study in Shanghai, China. In this paper, we first describe a cost-effective approach of monitoring and measuring UHI in Shanghai. Next we illustrate simulations on thermal environment around Shanghai using a mesoscale meteorological model, which has never been explored. Lastly, we make a comparison of the results between observations and simulations.
机译：随着中国经济发展，城市化和人口增长的持续，热岛现象（UHI）通常被归因于在大城市引起严重的环境问题，例如能源短缺，空气污染和生活条件恶化。特别是上海市气象局（1998）指出，“随着城市的发展，'热岛效应'越来越明显，已经成为上海最突出的特征”。为了找到减轻UHI影响的有效方法，迫切需要记录和预测中国最大的工商业城市上海的UHI。 UHI刚开始在发展中国家的大城市中进行研究（例如Deosthali，1999; Jauregui，1997; Klysik and Fortuniak，1999）。所有这些研究记录了对这些城市中的UHI进行更好的了解和表征所需的长期自动观测。特别地，为了定量地减轻UHI影响，需要用于预测UHI的数值模型。但是，由于成本高昂，在发展中国家建立和维持适当的观测网络存在困难。需要开发具有成本效益的自动观测系统。另一方面，由于未提供城市景观信息的详细信息，在那些国家中建立城市数据库（如土地利用数据库，建筑数据库和其他用于数值模拟的数据库）存在更多困难。而且，由于城市数据库资源的短缺，在发展中国家没有成功建模城市环境的案例。因此，本研究的目的是寻求一种具有成本效益的方法，为发展中国家的UHI进行观察和建模，并将重点放在中国上海的案例研究上。在本文中，我们首先介绍一种在上海监控和测量UHI的经济有效的方法。接下来，我们将使用从未探索过的中尺度气象模型说明上海周围热环境的模拟。最后，我们比较观察和模拟之间的结果。

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