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首页> 外文会议>28th WEDC Conference on Sustainable Environmental Sanitation and Water Services; 2002; Kolkata (Calcutta), India >Micro-filtration - a way to improve family health
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Micro-filtration - a way to improve family health

机译：微滤-改善家庭健康的一种方法

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Beside the fact that a huge effort still is needed to provide safe drinking water at community and family level, there are many different ways to make safe drinking water available and affordable for family use in low-cost countries and emergencies. Chlorination is the most common practice both for providing safe water at large-scale schemes for villages or urban settlements by batch treatment and for families by disinfecting the collected water with tablets. This way of providing safe water has many advantages mainly because it makes the water safe also during carrying it home and handling it at family place. The provision of safe water relies on the proper dosing of chlorine and the availability of chlorine in the respective form, such as powder, tablets, liquid gas, etc. However, chlorination has also been difficult to introduce due to the changes in water taste, which has often made the population to go back to non-treated traditional sources. Usually, an effort is needed in health education to make a community to accept and to welcome chlorinated water as a safer drinking water supply. In conclusion from many water projects, it can be said that the taste change of the drinking water is an underestimated obstacle in improving the health of a population by providing treated water. Water filtration practices have been introduced at the household level at many places with quite different results. Small household sand-filters were constructed and showed to reduce the water-related diseases (e.g. Mol 2001). There is still an enormous potential to spread this filter technology. Filters with micro-pores, which do not allow harmful bacteria to pass, are based on a technology, which allow water to be made safe and guaranteed bacteria-free at any place. Such filters are mainly known as the ceramic filters used worldwide in expat-households. Until now, the price and the set-up have not made it possible to provide this water treatment at family level of low-income and poor settings. An inexpensive micro-filter system working on gravity and producing safe water right where you need it is going to be introduced. Applications for this type of filter might be for a traveller, an individual working in emergencies and in the field, a family or smaller institution such as a health station, a school or community centre.
机译：除了仍需要付出巨大努力才能在社区和家庭一级提供安全饮用水这一事实之外，在低成本国家和紧急情况下，还有许多不同的方法可为家庭使用提供和负担得起的安全饮用水。氯化是最普遍的做法，既可以通过批量处理为乡村或城市居民点的大规模计划提供安全的水，又可以通过用片剂消毒收集的水来为家庭提供安全的水。提供安全水的这种方式具有许多优点，主要是因为它在将水带回家中和在家庭中处理时也使水变得安全。提供安全的水取决于适当的氯剂量和各种形式的氯的有效性，例如粉末，片剂，液化气等。但是，由于水味的变化，氯化也很难进行，这常常使人们回到未经处理的传统资源上。通常，在健康教育中需要做出努力，以使社区接受并欢迎氯化水作为更安全的饮用水供应。从许多水项目得出的结论可以说，饮用水的口味变化是通过提供经处理的水改善人口健康的低估障碍。在许多地方已在家庭一级采用了水过滤的做法，结果却大不相同。建造了小型家用沙滤池，并证明可以减少与水有关的疾病（例如Mol 2001）。传播这种滤波器技术仍有巨大的潜力。不允许有害细菌通过的带有微孔的过滤器是基于一项技术的，该技术可以使水变得安全并在任何地方保证无细菌。这种过滤器主要被称为移居家庭中全世界使用的陶瓷过滤器。到目前为止，价格和设置都无法在低收入和贫困地区的家庭水平上提供这种水处理。将引入一种廉价的微过滤器系统，该系统可在重力作用下在需要的地方生产安全的水。此类过滤器的应用对象可能是旅行者，紧急情况下和野外工作的个人，家庭或较小的机构，例如卫生站，学校或社区中心。

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