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首页> 外文会议>2nd International Nitrogen Conference , Oct 14-18, 2001, Potomac, Maryland, USA >Nitrogen Balance of Effluent Irrigated Silage Cropping Systems in Southern Australia
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Nitrogen Balance of Effluent Irrigated Silage Cropping Systems in Southern Australia

机译：南澳大利亚州的污水灌溉青贮作物系统的氮平衡

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The nitrogen (N) balance in a double-cropped, effluent spray irrigation system was examined for several years in southern Australia. The amounts of N added by irrigation, removed in the crop, and lost by ammonia (NH_3) volatilisation, denitrifica-tion, and leaching were measured. Results from the project provide pig producers with the knowledge necessary to evaluate the efficiency of such systems for managing N, and enable sustainable effluent reuse practices to be developed. Oats were grown through the winter (May to November) without irrigation, and irrigated maize was grown during the summer/autumn (December to April). Approximately 18 mm of effluent was applied every 3 days. The effluent was alkaline (pH 8.3) and the average ammoniacal-N (NH_4~+ + NH_3) concentration was 430 mg N/l (range: 320 to 679 mg N/l). Mineral N in the 0- to 1.7-m layer tended to increase during the irrigation season and decrease during the winter/spring. About 2000 kg N/ha was found in the profile to a depth of 2 m in October 2000. N removed in the aboveground biomass (oats + maize) was 590 and 570 kg N/ha/year, equivalent to ≈25% of the applied N. Average NH_3 volatilisation during the daytime (6:00 to 19:00) was 2.7 kg N/ha, while volatilisation at night (19:00 to 6:00) was 0.4 kg N/ha, giving a total of 3.1 kg N/ha/day.This represents ≈12% of the N loading, assuming that these rates apply throughout the season. The balance of the N accumulated in the soil profile during the irrigation season, as ~(15)N-labelled N studies con- firmed. The high recovery of the ~(15)N-labelled N, and the comparable distribution of ~(15)N and Br in the soil profile, implied that there was little loss of N by denitrification, even though the soil was wet enough for leaching of both tracers.
机译：在澳大利亚南部，调查了双季污水喷雾灌溉系统中的氮（N）平衡。测量了通过灌溉添加，在作物中去除的氮以及因氨（NH_3）挥发，反硝化和浸出而损失的氮的量。该项目的结果为生猪生产者提供了必要的知识，以评估此类系统对氮素的管理效率，并使可持续的废水回用实践得以发展。燕麦在整个冬季（5月至11月）不进行灌溉就种植，而灌溉玉米则在夏季/秋季（12月至4月）进行种植。每3天施加约18毫米的废水。流出物为碱性（pH 8.3），平均氨氮（NH_4〜+ + NH_3）浓度为430 mg N / l（范围：320至679 mg N / l）。在0至1.7 m层中的矿质N在灌溉季节趋于增加，而在冬季/春季则趋于减少。 2000年10月在剖面中发现约2000 kg N / ha，深度为2 m。地上生物量（燕麦+玉米）中去除的N为590和570 kg N / ha /年，相当于氮的25％。白天（6:00至19:00）的平均NH_3挥发量为2.7 kg N / ha，而夜间（19:00至6:00）的平均NH_3挥发量为0.4 kg N / ha，总计3.1千克氮/公顷/天，假设这些比率在整个季节都适用，则约占氮负荷的12％。在〜（15）N标记的N研究得到证实的情况下，灌溉季节土壤剖面中积累的N的平衡。 〜（15）N标记的氮的高回收率以及〜（15）N和Br在土壤剖面中的可比分布，这意味着即使土壤足够湿，反硝化作用下氮的损失也很小。两种示踪剂的浸出。

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