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首页> 外文会议>37th Annual Conference of the Ergonomics Society of Australia Inc., Nov 27-30, 2001, Sydney, NSW >Cognitive Strategic Aspects of Manual Handling Behaviour and Work Organisation
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Cognitive Strategic Aspects of Manual Handling Behaviour and Work Organisation

机译：人工处理行为和工作组织的认知和策略方面

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Concerns about inexperienced or untrained manual workers have been expressed in all industries where back injuries predominate. Yet, many workers, even without formal training or knowledge of safe manual handling, acquire means of organising their work to minimise their exposure to excessive physical stress. Preliminary evidence, obtained from experienced and inexperienced workers within the transport and distribution industry, is presented which suggests that some experienced workers develop a cognitive schema, or "mental model", of their work enabling them to develop strategies which permit them to satisfy the commercial dictates of work while reducing excessive exposure to physical stress. Impediments to the construction of effective schemata and the consequent application of effective strategies appear to arise, in part, from organisational factors, many of which are typically beyond the worker's control. Where these are deficient, the probabilistic and incidental nature of much of the worker's early work exposure to schema-relevant task features may explain the phenomenon whereby "experience" does not always equate with "expertise". Notably, little if any of the work organisation reported by healthy, experienced workers involved adopting specific "techniques" integral to many conventional approaches to safe manual handling. Perhaps asking "How should we lift?" is the wrong question. Rather, in order to attain safety within productivity, we should ask "How should we think about and organise our manual work?"
机译：在背部受伤占主导地位的所有行业中，都对缺乏经验或未经培训的体力工人表示了担忧。但是，许多工人即使没有经过正式培训或没有安全的人工操作知识，也能获得组织工作的方式，以最大程度地减少过度的身体压力。初步的证据是从运输和分销行业的经验丰富和经验不足的工人那里获得的，表明一些经验丰富的工人发展了他们的工作的认知图式或“心理模型”，从而使他们能够制定使他们满足商业需求的策略。决定工作，同时减少过多的身体压力。建立有效图式的障碍和随后应用有效策略的障碍似乎部分是由组织因素引起的，其中许多因素通常是工人无法控制的。在这些不足的地方，工人早期工作中大部分与模式相关的任务特征所具有的概率性和偶然性可以解释这种现象，即“经验”并不总是等同于“专门知识”。值得注意的是，健康的，有经验的工人报告的工作组织很少甚至涉及采用许多常规方法中不可或缺的特定“技术”来进行安全的人工处理。也许会问“我们应该如何举起？”是错误的问题。相反，为了在生产率范围内获得安全性，我们应该问“我们应该如何考虑和组织我们的体力劳动？”

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