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Versatile control of multiple morphing surfaces of Micro Air Vehicle with reduced weight and optimized power consumption

机译:多功能控制微型飞机的多种变形表面,减轻重量并优化功耗

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Morphing or shape changing of aircraft, though attractive from aerodynamics point of view, entails additional weight and power penalty and control complexities that pose research challenges. Researchers generally agree with the aerodynamic benefits of morphing and propose Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators for controlled morphing. However, the methods discussed in the literature, generally uses computer based software and data acquisition systems that are suitable for ground based operation. This paper presents an in-flight configurable morphing Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) with four SMA actuated morphing surfaces. As a proof of concept, NAL’s 300mm MAV airframe was modified to provide deflectable leading edges and trailing edges on both left and right side wing of the MAV. These four morphing surfaces could be actuated independently. The paper also presents the weight reduction methods employed to achieve a weight budget of less than 6g per morphing system. The power optimization using staggered PID-PWM control algorithm has reduced the peak battery current drawn by four SMA actuators (apparently operating together) to that of a single SMA. Typical rate of 4.4°/s for actuating the morphing segment and 2.6°/s for deactivating the same have been achieved at a control accuracy of ±0.5°.
机译:尽管从空气动力学的角度来看,飞机的变形或形状改变虽然很吸引人,但却带来了额外的重量和动力损失以及控制复杂性,这给研究带来了挑战。研究人员普遍同意变形的空气动力学优势,并提出了可控制变形的形状记忆合金(SMA)促动器。然而,文献中讨论的方法通常使用适合于基于地面的操作的基于计算机的软件和数据采集系统。本文提出了一种具有四个SMA驱动变形面的飞行中可配置变形微型飞行器(MAV)。作为概念验证,NAL的300毫米MAV机体经过了改进,可在MAV的左侧和右侧机翼上提供可偏转的前缘和后缘。这四个变形表面可以独立地致动。该论文还提出了减少重量的方法,以实现每个变形系统不到6克的重量预算。使用交错PID-PWM控制算法的功率优化已将四个SMA执行器(显然是一起运行)所消耗的峰值电池电流降低到单个SMA的峰值电流。在±0.5°的控制精度下,已实现了用于激活变形段的典型速率为4.4°/ s和用于使其失活的速率为2.6°/ s。

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