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Optimization of structural elements of transport vehicles in order to reduce weight and fuel consumption

机译：运输车辆结构元素的优化，以减少重量和燃料消耗

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In global competition manufacturing companies have to produce modern, new constructions from advanced materials in order to increase competitiveness. The aim of my research was to develop a new composite cellular plate structure, which can be primarily used for structural elements of road, rail, water and air transport vehicles (e.g. vehicle bodies, ship floors). The new structure is novel and innovative, because all materials of the components of the newly developed structure are composites (laminated Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) deck plates with pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) stiffeners), furthermore combines the characteristics of sandwich and cellular plate structures. The material of the structure is much more advantageous than traditional steel materials, due mainly to its low density, resulting in weight savings, causing lower fuel consumption and less environmental damage. In the study the optimal construction of a given geometry of a structural element of a road truck trailer body was defined by single- and multi-objective optimization (minimal cost and weight). During the single-objective optimization the Flexible Tolerance Optimization method, while during the multi-objective optimization the Particle Swarm Optimization method were used. Seven design constraints were considered: maximum deflection of the structure, buckling of the composite plates, buckling of the stiffeners, stress in the composite plates, stress in the stiffeners, eigenfrequency of the structure, size constraint for design variables. It was confirmed that the developed structure can be used principally as structural elements of transport vehicles and unit load devices (containers) and can be applied also in building construction.
机译：在全球竞争制造业公司中，必须从先进材料制作现代，新的建筑，以提高竞争力。我的研究目的是开发一种新的复合蜂窝板结构，主要用于道路，轨道，水和空运车辆的结构元素（例如车身，船上地板）。新的结构是新颖的和创新性的，因为新开发的结构的组件的所有材料都是复合材料（层压碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）甲板，带有拉挤玻璃纤维增​​强塑料（GFRP）加强件），而且相结合了三明治的特性和蜂窝板结构。该结构的材料比传统钢材更有利，主要是由于其低密度，导致重量储蓄，导致燃料消耗较低，环境损坏较少。在该研究中，通过单一和多目标优化（最小成本和重量）来定义公路卡车拖车主体的结构元件的给定几何形状的最佳结构。在单目标优化期间，柔性公差优化方法，而在多目标优化期间使用粒子群优化方法。考虑了七种设计约束：结构的最大偏转，复合板的屈曲，加强件的屈曲，复合板中的应力，在加强件中应力，结构的特征频率，设计变量的尺寸约束。已经证实，开发结构可以主要用于运输车辆和单元装载装置（容器）的结构元件，并且也可以应用于建筑结构。

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