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首页> 外文会议>ACIAR Proceedings no.115; Workshop on Tropical Legumes for Sustainable Farming Systems in Southern Africa and Australia; 20021007-09; Limpopo Province(ZA) >The Role of Dual Purpose and Forage Legumes to Improve Soil Fertility and Provide High Quality Forage: Options in a Maize-based System in Zimbabwe
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The Role of Dual Purpose and Forage Legumes to Improve Soil Fertility and Provide High Quality Forage: Options in a Maize-based System in Zimbabwe

机译：兼用和牧草豆科植物在提高土壤肥力和提供优质牧草方面的作用：津巴布韦基于玉米的系统中的选择

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Mucuna pruriens and Lablab purpureus have emerged as successful forage or green-manure legumes for use in the smallholder crop-livestock systems of Zimbabwe. Two experiments were established in the 1999-2000 wet season at on-farm sites within a mixed livestock-cropping farming system in Wedza district (average rainfall 650-900 mm) located on acidic (pH < 5) and infertile sandy and sandy-loam soils. Two additional sites were located on more-fertile clay soils. Experiment 1 showed that improved fallows of mucuna grown for 19 weeks produced between 4.7 and 11.2 t/ha DM and generally doubled that produced by cowpea or a first-year Macrotyloma axillare cv. Archer-Chloris gayana perennial pasture. Weedy fallow treatments, which represent typical farmer practice, produced 3.3-6.3 t/ha DM. After harvest of the mucuna system, the biomass was either removed as hay or ploughed in as green manure. A maize crop was then grown on these treatments and on the weed-fallow treatments in the following 2000-2001 wet season. On sandy sites where no P fertiliser was applied to the previous mucuna phase, a maize grain yield of 2.3 t/ha was achieved following the mucuna green-manure system; this was 64% higher than the maize yield following the weedy fallow and 100% higher than the maize yield following the mucuna 'removed' hay system. Averaged across the seven sites, grain yield declined from 2810 to 1680 kg/ ha when mucuna residues were removed as hay. The fertilised (93 kg/ha N, 18 kg/ha P) continuous maize system produced 2920 and 4460 kg/ha on the sandy and clay sites, respectively. Experiment 2 investigated the maize-grain response to the application of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha of fertiliser N, and compared it with maize production following a one-year weed fallow or forage lablab. Results showed that, by integrating forage lablab into arable fallow land, subsequent maize grain yield could be from 8 to 57% higher than maize following a weedy fallow. Farmers could rotate forage lablab and maize and benefit from large amounts of high-quality fodder from the lablab above-ground biomass and also gain soil fertility amelioration from the residual effect of the lablab below-ground biomass.
机译：作为津巴布韦小农作物-牲畜系统的成功牧草或绿肥豆类，successful豆和扁豆已经出现。在1999-2000年的雨季期间，在Wedza区的混合畜牧业耕作系统（平均降雨量650-900毫米）中的酸性场所（pH <5）和不育的沙质和沙质壤土上建立了两个实验土壤。另外两个地点位于肥沃的粘土上。实验1表明，生长19周的粘液休闲产生的DM介于4.7和11.2 t / ha DM之间，通常比generally豆或第一年的Macrotyloma axillare cv产生的DM高一倍。 Archer-Chloris gayana多年生牧场。代表农民典型做法的杂草休耕处理产生了3.3-6.3吨/公顷的干物质。收获粘液系统后，将生物质以干草的形式除去或以绿肥的形式耕作。然后在接下来的2000-2001雨季中，通过这些处理和除草处理使玉米作物生长。在以前的粘液期未施磷肥的沙地上，采用粘液绿肥系统，玉米单产达到2.3吨/公顷。这比杂草休耕后的玉米单产高出64％，比粘液“去除”干草系统后的玉米单产高出100％。在这七个地点的平均水平下，当去除粘胶残留物作为干草时，谷物产量从2810千克/公顷下降至1680千克/公顷。施肥（93公斤/公顷的氮，18公斤/公顷的磷）连续玉米系统分别在沙质和粘土地上分别生产2920和4460公斤/公顷。实验2研究了0、30、60、90和120 kg / ha肥料氮施对玉米-谷物的响应，并将其与一年除草或饲草试验后的玉米产量进行了比较。结果表明，通过将草料实验室整合到耕地中，随后的玉米单产可能比杂草休耕后的玉米高8％至57％。农民可以轮换饲草和玉米，并从地上生物量中获取大量优质饲料，并从地上生物量的残留效应中获得土壤肥力的改善。

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