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首页> 外文会议>ACIAR Proceedings no.116; CARDI International Conference on Research on Water in Agricultural Production in Asia for the 21st Century; 20031125-28; Phnom Penh(KH) >Enhancing the agronomic productivity of degraded soils in North-east Thailand through clay-based interventions
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Enhancing the agronomic productivity of degraded soils in North-east Thailand through clay-based interventions

机译：通过基于黏土的干预措施提高泰国东北部退化土壤的农业生产力

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Although North-east Thailand occupies one-third of the arable land in Thailand, income per capita for the region is no more than 40% of the national average and poverty affects 37% of the population. A major reason for this high level of poverty is the relatively limited natural resources of the region. The soils of North-east Thailand are dominated by sandy, light-textured soils with low organic matter and low clay. Consequently, they have a low water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and, hence, limited buffering capacity against both man-made and natural stresses. Using a paired site analysis, the degree of chemical degradation between an undisturbed (Dipterocarp forest) and disturbed (agriculture system) was assessed. It was estimated that the amount of soil organic carbon lost in the 0-10 cm depth interval ranged from 3.84 to 10.111 ha~(-1). This resulted in a dramatic decline in the CEC of the soil. Using a saturation index (S_u) that quantifies degradation based on CEC, the effects of changed land use resulted in S_u values ranging from 52.9-90.3% clearly indicating the impact of agricultural practices on a fundamental property of these soils. In an effort to remediate the chemical attributes of these degraded soils and enhance productivity, a series of field based experiments have been initiated in the Chiang Yuen area of North-east Thailand. Two structured field trials on remediating soil chemical degradation included the following treatments: 1. current farmer practice 2. locally sourced bentonite 3. termite mound soil 4. waste bentonite from vegetable oil processing 5. composted leaf litter 6. soil slotting. 7. locally available lake dredged material The trial land was planted with forage sorghum and two consecutive crops were harvested over the 2002 growing season. Dry matter production ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 t ha~(-1) in the control treatments of each trial-with the plants having almost completely failed because of drought-to 8.4 and 10.01 ha~(-1) for the termite mound material and local bentonite plus leaf litter compost respectively. These dramatic increases in productivity are probably due to increases in CEC, plant nutrient supply and water holding capacity of the soil. The application of locally resourced high-activity clay materials at a ratio of 2:1 offers a potential way to increase the productivity of degraded light textured soils within the first growing season. This approach to soil rejuvenation could potentially be used to enhance food security at the household level and allow the development of conservation based farming systems.
机译：尽管泰国东北部占泰国耕地的三分之一，但该地区人均收入不超过全国平均水平的40％，贫困影响着37％的人口。这种高度贫困的主要原因是该地区的自然资源相对有限。泰国东北部的土壤以低有机质和低黏土的沙质轻质土壤为主。因此，它们的保水能力，阳离子交换能力（CEC）低，因此对人为和自然压力的缓冲能力有限。使用配对站点分析，评估了未受干扰（双腕果树森林）和受干扰（农业系统）之间的化学降解程度。据估计，在0-10 cm深度范围内，土壤有机碳损失量为3.84至10.111 ha〜（-1）。这导致土壤的CEC急剧下降。使用基于CEC量化退化的饱和度指数（S_u），土地使用变化的影响导致S_u值介于52.9-90.3％之间，清楚地表明了农业实践对这些土壤的基本特性的影响。为了补救这些退化土壤的化学特性并提高生产率，泰国东北部的清苑地区开始了一系列野外试验。两项针对土壤化学降解的结构化现场试验包括以下处理方法：1.当前农民的实践2.本地采购的膨润土3.白蚁丘土4.植物油加工产生的废弃膨润土5.堆肥的叶子凋落物6.土壤开槽。 7.当地可用的湖泊疏material材料该试验用地种植了饲草高粱，在2002年的生长季节连续收获了两批作物。在每个试验的对照处理中，干物质产量在0.14至0.22 t ha〜（-1）范围内，其中植物因干旱几乎完全失灵，白蚁丘材料的干物质产量分别为8.4和10.01 ha〜（-1）。局部膨润土加叶面垃圾堆肥。生产率的这些显着提高可能是由于CEC，植物养分供应和土壤持水量的增加。以2：1的比例施用局部资源化的高活性粘土材料提供了在第一个生长季节内提高退化轻质结构土壤生产力的潜在途径。这种土壤复兴的方法可以潜在地用于增强家庭层面的粮食安全，并允许发展基于保护的耕作制度。

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