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首页> 外文会议>ACIAR Proceedings no.116; CARDI International Conference on Research on Water in Agricultural Production in Asia for the 21st Century; 20031125-28; Phnom Penh(KH) >Land and water resources
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Land and water resources

机译：国土资源

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Among the world's developing regions, Asia holds the dubious distinction of having the most serious problems with its water and land resources. Compared with Africa and Latin America, Asia has a lot less arable land per capita. A much larger proportion of its agricultural land is being seriously degraded and its forests are disappearing at the fastest rates. This paper takes stock of land and water resources of Asian countries, focusing on issues related to their efficient and equitable use and future sustainability. Land, as considered here, encompasses the soil and all of the natural resources of indigenous plants, animals and microorganisms, of which Asia is particularly well endowed. The region's rich biotic resource has been most effectively exploited to provide for local livelihood, from fishery to rice production and gathering of minor forest products. Local management has contributed to conservation in some places, but in many others local biodiversity is now under threat-traditional rice varieties have been disappearing from farmers' fields, and fishery resources are rapidly becoming depleted. Local conflicts over water have begun to flare up between upstream and downstream users, with potential for major regional ones over the major rivers such as the Mekong, as well as across sectors, including industrial and domestic use and agriculture. Lessons, experiences and understanding from other parts of the world should be fully exploited to help Asia sustainably manage its water and land resources efficiently and equitably. However, local research and development capacity will be essential to solve problems that are unique to the region.
机译：在世界发展中地区中，亚洲的水和土地资源存在最严重的问题。与非洲和拉丁美洲相比，亚洲人均耕地少得多。其农业用地中很大一部分正在严重退化，其森林正在以最快的速度消失。本文对亚洲国家的土地和水资源进行了盘点，重点关注与它们的有效和公平利用以及未来可持续性有关的问题。此处所考虑的土地包括土壤和土著植物，动物和微生物的所有自然资源，其中亚洲尤为丰富。该地区丰富的生物资源已得到最有效的利用，从渔业到稻米生产以及少量林产品的采集，为当地谋生。地方管理在某些地方促进了保护工作，但在其他许多地方，当地生物多样性正处于威胁之下。传统的水稻品种已经从农民的田地中消失了，渔业资源正在迅速枯竭。上游和下游用户之间的局部水冲突已经开始加剧，在湄公河等主要河流以及包括工业，家庭用水和农业在内的各个部门之间，主要区域性冲突的潜力很大。应当充分利用世界其他地方的经验教训，以帮助亚洲有效，公平地可持续管理其水土资源。但是，当地的研发能力对于解决该地区特有的问题至关重要。

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