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首页> 外文会议>ACIAR Proceedings no.116; CARDI International Conference on Research on Water in Agricultural Production in Asia for the 21st Century; 20031125-28; Phnom Penh(KH) >Using GIS technology to develop crop water availability maps for Lao PDR
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Using GIS technology to develop crop water availability maps for Lao PDR

机译：使用GIS技术为老挝人民民主共和国绘制作物可用水图

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Crop production in Laos is affected by adverse weather conditions. However, accurate weather conditions are not comprehensively documented, and this hinders crop research and production. The particular problems identified for lowland rice are drought in rainfed lowlands in central-southern Laos, and low temperatures during the dry season in the irrigated lowlands of Northern Laos. We have developed gridded surfaces (maps) for the mean monthly minimum and maximum temperatures for the whole country using GIS. We have also completed time-series gridded maps of monthly and weekly rainfall for the country for the 1994-99 period. These were developed from rainfall data from 26 meteorological stations and five hydrological stations in Laos, and 18 meteorological stations in Thailand. Potential evapotranspiration was calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula for 14 stations when daily time series data for the required input variables, especially sunshine hours, were available. Interpolated surfaces were generated for mean weekly potential evapotranspiration. The rainfall and potential evapotranspiration surfaces are used for developing maps of water availability periods for crops. While these climatic analyses provide a useful guideline for determining the crop growing period, annual rainfall varies greatly and variations in soil characteristics and toposequence position cause large spatial variation in water availability. Simulation results using a rice-growth model show a large variation in water availability that would cause large yearly and spatial variation in grain yield. Thus greater emphasis needs to be made for variation in water availability within microenvironments.
机译：老挝的作物生产受到恶劣天气条件的影响。但是，准确的天气条件尚未得到全面记录，这阻碍了作物的研究和生产。低地稻米的特殊问题是老挝中南部雨养低地的干旱，以及老挝北部低地灌溉旱季的低温。我们已经使用GIS开发了网格化的表面（地图），用于表示整个国家的平均每月最低和最高温度。我们还完成了1994-99年期间该国每月和每周降雨的时间序列网格化地图。这些是根据来自老挝26个气象站和5个水文站以及泰国18个气象站的降雨数据得出的。当可获得所需输入变量（尤其是日照时间）的每日时间序列数据时，使用Penman-Monteith公式计算14个站点的潜在蒸散量。产生内插表面，用于每周平均潜在蒸散量。降雨和潜在的蒸散量表面用于绘制作物的水可利用时间图。尽管这些气候分析为确定农作物的生长期提供了有用的指导，但每年的降雨量变化很大，土壤特征和后序位置的变化会导致水利用空间的较大变化。使用水稻生长模型的模拟结果表明，水的可利用性变化很大，这将导致谷物产量的年度和空间变化较大。因此，需要更加重视微环境中水的可利用性的变化。

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