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首页> 外文会议>ACIAR Proceedings no.116; CARDI International Conference on Research on Water in Agricultural Production in Asia for the 21st Century; 20031125-28; Phnom Penh(KH) >Developing sustainable land and water management for the Aral Sea Basin through an interdisciplinary approach
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Developing sustainable land and water management for the Aral Sea Basin through an interdisciplinary approach

机译：通过跨学科方法发展咸海流域的可持续土地和水管理

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During Soviet times, vast desert areas in the Aral Sea Basin were transformed into artificially irrigated, agricultural land to grow cotton. The ensuing ecological problems strongly affect the livelihood of the local population. The agricultural production systems that are at the heart of this transformation are characterised by large monocultures and heavy inputs of fertilisers, pesticides and water. The extensive irrigation systems are expensive to maintain; up to 70% of the water is lost. The state order on crops, which is imposed via strongly centralised government structures, secures the predominance of cotton production and impedes a transition to a market economy. At present, the agricultural production is ecologically and economically unsustainable. ZEF, with its partners in Uzbekistan, established, in March 2002, a research program to develop sustainable and efficient land and water use practices for the region. The program is based on the assumptions that applicable concepts for sustainable and efficient land and water use must be developed on the basis of sound scientific research, and that the complexity of the problems needs an interdisciplinary approach integrating natural resource management as well as economic and institutional changes. The project therefore integrates these different disciplines into a unified model that can be applied to different scenario to test the value of restructuring. This would be followed by practical testing on pilot farms. First results include the mapping of groundwater and soil salinity, and of land use (trees and forest plantations), as a basis for later recommendations for improved, sustainable resource use. Studies on the performance of tree growth preceded a more intensive monitoring of the growth and irrigation needs of the best-performing trees on marginal land. For the first time in the region, detailed irrigation water budgets for single fields are being established and these have revealed the large contribution of ground water to the crop water needs. Initial economic assessments based on government data and field surveys of selected farms reveal the intricate structure of the agricultural production process in which the strong hierarchical, state-governed characteristic of the former Soviet system prevails. Studies of health problems related to drinking water reveal the deteriorating health care system. A study of the administrative performance of the newly formed Water User Associations and an investigation into farmers' perceptions of the needed reforms complete the studies undertaken in the first year of this project.
机译：在苏联时期，咸海盆地的广大沙漠地区被改造成人工灌溉的农田，以种植棉花。随之而来的生态问题严重影响了当地居民的生计。转型的核心是农业生产系统，其特征是大型单一栽培和大量肥料，农药和水的投入。广泛的灌溉系统维护费用昂贵；最多损失了70％的水。国家政府通过高度集中的政府机构实施的农作物秩序确保了棉花生产的主导地位，并阻碍了向市场经济的过渡。目前，农业生产在生态和经济上都是不可持续的。 ZEF及其在乌兹别克斯坦的合作伙伴于2002年3月制定了一项研究计划，以开发该地区的可持续和高效的土地和水利用实践。该计划基于以下假设：必须在可靠的科学研究的基础上开发可持续和有效利用土地和水资源的适用概念，并且问题的复杂性需要综合自然资源管理以及经济和体制的跨学科方法变化。因此，该项目将这些不同的学科集成到一个统一的模型中，该模型可以应用于不同的场景，以测试重组的价值。随后将在试点农场进行实际测试。初步结果包括绘制地下水和土壤盐分以及土地用途（树木和森林人工林）的地图，作为后来提出的改善，可持续资源利用的建议的基础。在对树木生长性能进行研究之前，应先对边缘地带表现最佳的树木的生长和灌溉需求进行更深入的监测。该地区首次建立了单个农田的详细灌溉用水预算，这些预算显示了地下水对作物需水的巨大贡献。根据政府数据和对选定农场的实地调查进行的初步经济评估表明，农业生产过程的错综复杂的结构中，前苏联体制具有很强的等级制，由国家主导的特征。对与饮用水有关的健康问题的研究揭示了不断恶化的医疗体系。对新组建的用水户协会的行政绩效进行的研究以及对农民对所需改革的看法的调查都完成了该项目第一年的研究。

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