...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Natural Resources Forum >Salt-induced land and water degradation in the Aral Sea basin: A challenge to sustainable agriculture in Central Asia
【24h】

Salt-induced land and water degradation in the Aral Sea basin: A challenge to sustainable agriculture in Central Asia

机译：咸海盆地盐分引起的土地和水的退化：对中亚可持续农业的挑战

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Expansion of irrigated agriculture in the Aral Sea Basin in the second half of the twentieth century led to the conversion of vast tracks of virgin land into productive agricultural systems resulting in significant increases in employment opportunities and income generation. The positive effects of the development of irrigated agriculture were replete with serious environmental implications. Excessive use of irrigation water coupled with inadequate drainage systems has caused large-scale land degradation and water quality deterioration in downstream parts of the basin, which is fed by two main rivers, the Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya. Recent estimates suggest that more than 50% of irrigated soils are salt-affected and/or waterlogged in Central Asia. Considering the availability of natural and human resources in the Aral Sea Basin as well as the recent research addressing soil and water management, there is cause for cautious optimism. Research-based interventions that have shown significant promise in addressing this impasse include: (1) rehabilitation of abandoned salt-affected lands through halophytic plant species; (2) introduction of 35-day-old early maturing rice varieties to withstand ambient soil and irrigation water salinity; (3) productivity enhancement of high-magnesium soils and water resources through calcium-based soil amendments; (4) use of certain tree species as biological pumps to lower elevated groundwater levels in waterlogged areas; (5) optimal use of fertilizers, particularly those supplying nitrogen, to mitigate the adverse effects of soil and irrigation water salinity; (6) mulching of furrows under saline conditions to reduce evaporation and salinity buildup in the root zone; and (7) establishment of multipurpose tree and shrub species for biomass and renewable energy production. Because of water withdrawals for agriculture from two main transboundary rivers in the Aral Sea Basin, there would be a need for policy level interventions conducive for enhancing interstate cooperation to transform salt-affected soil and saline water resources from an environmental and productivity constraint into an economic asset.
机译：二十世纪下半叶，咸海流域的灌溉农业扩张导致大量原始土地转化为生产性农业系统，从而大大增加了就业机会和创收机会。灌溉农业发展的积极影响充满了严重的环境影响。灌溉水的过度使用以及排水系统不足，导致流域下游地区大规模土地退化和水质恶化，流域的下游主要由两条主要河流-阿姆-达拉河和锡尔-达拉河供水。最近的估计表明，中亚50％以上的灌溉土壤都受到盐的影响和/或涝渍。考虑到咸海流域中自然和人力资源的可获得性以及最近针对土壤和水管理的研究，有必要持谨慎乐观的态度。在解决这一僵局方面显示出巨大希望的基于研究的干预措施包括：（1）通过盐生植物物种恢复被盐污染的废弃土地。 （2）引进35日龄早熟水稻品种，以抵抗环境土壤和灌溉水的盐分; （3）通过钙基土壤改良剂提高高镁土壤和水资源的生产力; （4）使用某些树种作为生物泵来降低涝灾地区地下水的升高水平; （5）最佳使用肥料，尤其是提供氮肥的肥料，以减轻土壤和灌溉水盐分的不利影响; （6）在盐条件下覆盖犁沟，以减少根区的蒸发和盐分积累; （7）建立用于生物质和可再生能源生产的多功能树木和灌木树种。由于从咸海流域的两条主要跨界河流中抽取了农业用水，因此需要采取有利于加强州际合作的政策层面干预措施，以将受盐影响的土壤和盐碱水资源从环境和生产力的限制转化为经济资产。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号