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首页> 外文会议>ACS Symposium Series 890; Symposium on Nanotechnology and the Environment: Applications and Implications; ; >The Environmental Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials
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The Environmental Impact of Engineered Nanomaterials

机译：工程纳米材料对环境的影响

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Nanoparticles are important in natural environments due to their size, tunable properties and accessible surfaces and our control over these properties can be exploited to create or add value to a variety of technologies. Many consumer products that incorporate nanoparticles, such as sunscreens and clothing, are already in the marketplace, and the industry is growing fast. This book highlights also the many valuable environmental technologies that can come from the applications of unique nanomaterial properties. As this nascent technology area matures, the debate about the whether the unknown risks of nanomaterial use balances its established benefits will only intensify. Traditionally, emerging technologies have faced risk assessments and the associated public acceptance issues long after products have been commercialized. In this new century, however, public debate about the relative merits of young technologies is starting much earlier in the development process with more substantial impact on the ultimate commercial enterprise. Genetically modified (GM) foods and the Human Genome Project present contrasting cases. GM enthusiasts ignored or dismissed concerns and soon faced a robust and organized activist campaign against GM products. While this has not had a major impact on sales of GM foods in the US, the European market for such products has essentially disappeared and a global debate has ensued over their use in the developing world. In contrast, the founders of the Human Genome Project acknowledged that the scientific discoveries spawned by their research would likely raise societal and ethical concerns and set aside a portion of their research dollars to address them. No significant backlash has developed against HGP. Some of the same critics of GM foods are now turning their attention to nanotechnology. This kind of negative attention at such an early stage in a new technology's development could profoundly impact its ability to gain a foothold in the marketplace.
机译：纳米粒子由于其尺寸，可调整的特性和可访问的表面而在自然环境中非常重要，我们对这些特性的控制可被利用来为各种技术创造价值或增加其价值。许多掺有纳米粒子的消费产品（例如防晒霜和衣物）已经投放市场，并且该行业正在快速发展。本书还重点介绍了许多独特的纳米材料特性的应用可能会带来的许多有价值的环境技术。随着这一新兴技术领域的成熟，关于纳米材料使用的未知风险是否能平衡其既定利益的争论只会愈演愈烈。传统上，新兴技术在产品商品化后很长时间就面临风险评估和相关的公众认可问题。然而，在这个新世纪，关于年轻技术相对优点的公开辩论在开发过程中开始得很早，对最终的商业企业产生了更大的影响。转基因（GM）食品与人类基因组计划的案例截然不同。通用汽车发烧友无视或消除了担忧，很快就面对了针对通用汽车产品的有力而有组织的维权运动。尽管这对转基因食品在美国的销售没有产生重大影响，但此类产品的欧洲市场已基本消失，随之而来的是在发展中国家如何使用转基因食品的全球争论。相比之下，人类基因组计划的创始人承认，他们的研究产生的科学发现可能会引起社会和伦理方面的关注，并会拨出一部分研究经费来解决这些问题。对HGP的抵制没有明显的反弹。一些对转基因食品的批评者现在正将注意力转向纳米技术。在新技术开发的早期阶段，这种负面关注可能会深刻影响其在市场上立足的能力。

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