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首页> 外文会议>ACS Symposium Series 890; Symposium on Nanotechnology and the Environment: Applications and Implications; ; >Semiconductor Nanostructures for Detection and Degradation of Low-Level Organic Contaminants from Water
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Semiconductor Nanostructures for Detection and Degradation of Low-Level Organic Contaminants from Water

机译：半导体纳米结构，用于检测和降解水中的低含量有机污染物

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In this new millennium, we are faced with the challenge of cleaning our natural water and air resources. While we enjoy the comforts and benefits that chemistry has provided us, from composites to computer chips, from drugs to dyes, we are faced with the task of treating wastes generated during manufacturing processes and the proper disposal of various products and byproducts. Nanotechnology can provide us with ways to purify the air and water resources by utilizing semiconductor nanoparticles as catalysts and/or sensing systems. A variety of sensors for environmental applications have been developed in recent years, including SnO_2 based semiconductor systems that have been used as conductometric gas sensors and a TiO_2 electrode for determining the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of water. Semiconductor nanostructures have drawn attention in recent years for their potential as chemical sensors. Their exploitation as chemical sensors was prompted by the discovery of photoluminescence from porous-Si and subsequent observation that many organic and inorganic molecules quench this emission. The photoluminescence in porous-Si arises from charge carrier recombination in the quantum confined nanosized environments. Both energy- and electron transfer mechanisms have been proposed to explain the quenching by organic molecules. Sailor et al have attributed the quenching of the PL by aromatic molecules such as anthracene, pyrene, benzanthracene etc. to energy transfer to the triplet state of the organic substrate. El-Shall and coworkers have shown that the emission from silicon nanocrystals is quenched by aromatic nitrocompounds via electron transfer from the conduction band of the silicon nanocrystal to the vacant orbitals of the quenchers.
机译：在这个新的千年中，我们面临着清洁天然水和空气资源的挑战。从复合材料到计算机芯片，从药物到染料，我们都享受着化学带来的舒适和好处，但我们仍然面临着处理制造过程中产生的废物以及正确处置各种产品和副产品的任务。纳米技术可以利用半导体纳米颗粒作为催化剂和/或传感系统，为我们提供净化空气和水资源的方法。近年来，已开发出多种用于环境应用的传感器，包括已被用作电导率气体传感器的基于SnO_2的半导体系统和用于确定水的化学需氧量（COD）的TiO_2电极。近年来，半导体纳米结构作为化学传感器的潜力备受关注。他们从多孔硅中发现了光致发光，并随后观察到许多有机和无机分子抑制了这种发射，促使他们将其用作化学传感器。多孔硅中的光致发光是由量子受限的纳米级环境中的载流子复合引起的。已经提出了能量转移和电子转移机制来解释有机分子的猝灭。 Sailor等人将芳香族分子如蒽，pyr，苯并蒽等对PL的猝灭归因于能量转移至有机底物的三重态。 El-Shall及其同事表明，硅纳米晶体的发射被芳香族硝基化合物淬灭，是通过电子从硅纳米晶体的导带转移到淬灭剂的空轨道上来的。

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