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Basic Principles of Radiochemistry

机译:放射化学基本原理

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Radiochemistry is defined as "the chemical study of radioactive elements, both natural and artificial, and their use in the study of chemical processes". Operationally radiochemistry is defined by the activities of radiochemists, i.e., (a) nuclear analytical methods (b) the application of radionuclides in areas outside of chemistry, such as medicine (c) the physics and chemistry of the radioelements (d) the physics and chemistry of high activity level matter and (e) radiotracer techniques. Radiochemistry is closely allied with nuclear chemistry, a three-pronged endeavor made up of: (a) studies of nuclear properties such as structure, reactions, and radioactive decay by people trained as chemists (b) studies of macroscopic phenomena (such as geochronology or astrophysics) where nuclear processes are intimately involved and (c) the application of measurement techniques based upon nuclear phenomena (such as activation analysis or radiotracers) to study scientific problems in a variety of fields. All radiochemists are, by definition, nuclear chemists, but not all nuclear chemists are radiochemists. Many nuclear chemists use purely non-chemical techniques to study nuclear phenomena, and thus, their work is not radiochemistry. Neither nuclear chemistry nor radiochemistry should be confused with radiation chemistry, the study of the chemical effects of ionizing radiation.
机译:放射化学被定义为“对天然和人工放射性元素进行化学研究,并将其用于化学过程的研究”。操作上的放射化学是由放射化学家的活动定义的,即(a)核分析方法(b)放射性核素在化学以外的领域的应用,例如医学(c)放射性元素的物理和化学(d)物理学和高活性物质的化学和(e)放射性示踪剂技术。放射化学与核化学紧密相关,这三方面的工作包括:(a)由经过化学家培训的人员研究核特性,例如结构,反应和放射性衰变(b)研究宏观现象(例如年代学或天体物理学)与核过程密切相关;以及(c)应用基于核现象的测量技术(例如活化分析或放射性示踪剂)来研究各个领域的科学问题。顾名思义,所有放射化学家都是核化学家,但并非所有核化学家都是放射化学家。许多核化学家使用纯粹的非化学技术来研究核现象,因此,他们的工作不是放射化学。核化学或放射化学都不应与辐射化学(电离辐射化学效应的研究)相混淆。

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