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首页> 外文会议>Annual AAS (American Astronautical Society) Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference Feb 5-9, 2003 Breckenridge, Colorado, U.S.A. >THE ROSETTA MISSION: RENDEZVOUS WITH AND LANDING ON A COMET
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THE ROSETTA MISSION: RENDEZVOUS WITH AND LANDING ON A COMET

机译：ROSETTA任务：与COMET交会并着陆

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The European Space Agency will launch the Rosetta spacecraft in January 2003 on a more than 10 years voyage to comet Wirtanen. The Rosetta orbiter will detach a scientific package which will land on the comet surface to perform in situ measurements of the comets composition. The orbiter will escort the comet for about one year and its extensive array of scientific instruments will study the comet in the using optical imaging, remote sensing, chemical composition measurements and magnetic field measurements. The goal of this paper is to provide a detailed account of both the Rosetta mission and the spacecraft designed to cope with the principal challenges of the mission. The long mission duration is driven by the need to perform three planetary flybys in order to increase the spacecraft velocity to synchronise its orbit with the Wirtanen orbit. Included is a flyby of Mars. Passing at not more than 200 km altitude above the planets surface, this is considered a very critical manoeuvre for the spacecraft. In addition to the planetary flybys, two close asteroid flybys are planned, further increasing the scientific return. Even exploiting these multiple flybys, the spacecraft still must carry about 55% of its launch mass in propellant in order to adjust its orbit and finally to rendezvous with the comet. As well as the long duration and complex flybys, another real challenge of the mission comes from the very large solar distances at which the spacecraft will have to travel and operate. Flying beyond the orbit of Jupiter, Rosetta will be the most distant spacecraft ever to be powered using only solar cells. Special solar cells have been developed to be optimised for the low temperatures and low intensity operation, even so, the solar arrays need to be huge. At nearly 33 meters long, they produce about 10KW at earth distance reducing to about 400 W past Jupiter. The thermal control over distances varying between less than 1 AU and more than 5 AU is also a tough challenge requiring both super-insulation and heating in deep space and considerable heat rejection close to the earth orbit.
机译：欧洲航天局将在2003年1月发射罗塞塔号航天器，历时10年以上，飞往维塔宁彗星。罗塞塔（Rosetta）轨道器将分离科学包裹，该包裹将降落在彗星表面上，以对彗星成分进行原位测量。轨道飞行器将护卫彗星大约一年，其广泛的科学仪器将使用光学成像，遥感，化学成分测量和磁场测量研究彗星。本文的目的是详细介绍罗塞塔号任务和旨在应对任务的主要挑战的航天器。为了提高航天器速度以使其轨道与Wirtanen轨道同步，需要执行三个行星飞越来驱动较长的任务持续时间。其中包括火星的掠过。在行星表面上方不超过200 km的高度经过时，这被认为是航天器非常关键的机动。除行星飞越之外，还计划进行两次近距离的小行星飞越，以进一步提高科学回报。即使利用这些多次飞越，航天器仍必须携带其发射质量的55％左右的推进剂，以调整其轨道并最终与彗星会合。除了持续时间长和复杂的飞越之外，飞行任务的另一个真正挑战来自航天器必须在其上行驶和操作的极远的太阳距离。罗塞塔号飞越木星轨道，将成为有史以来最遥远的航天器，仅使用太阳能电池供电。已经开发了特殊的太阳能电池，以针对低温和低强度运行进行优化，即使如此，太阳能电池阵列也需要很大。它们长约33米，在地球距离上产生约10KW的功率，经过木星后减小到约400W。对小于1 AU到大于5 AU的距离进行热控制也是一项艰巨的挑战，需要在深空中进行超绝热和加热，并需要在靠近地球轨道处散热。

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