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首页> 外文会议>Annual Symposium on Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation; 19980719-24; Snowbird,UT(US) >QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE DETECT ABILITY OF CERAMIC INCLUSIONS IN STRUCTURAL TITANIUM CASTINGS BY X-RADIOGRAPHY
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QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE DETECT ABILITY OF CERAMIC INCLUSIONS IN STRUCTURAL TITANIUM CASTINGS BY X-RADIOGRAPHY

机译：X射线照相术对结构钛铸件中陶瓷夹杂物检测能力的定量评估

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摘要

Titanium HIP casting offer tremendous potential as a design option in structural applications. In damage tolerant structures, the design process must include consideration of the inherent producibility of the production process. Producibility necessarily includes the capabilities and limitation of nondestructive inspection procedures used in production and acceptance. An effects of defects analysis for each component application must be included in the design process. There are often shortfall in engineering/producibility data to support a new design application and such data must be developed as a part of the component design qualification. The capabilities of X-radiography for detection of ceramic (shell) inclusions that are inherent to the titanium casting process were not available and the data described in this paper was developed to support the component design qualification. Detection of the ceramic shell unfortunately falls below the classical limit that can be characterized by predictive models based on signaloise margins and required experimental characterization as an image pattern recognition problem. A probability of detection (POD) design of experiment and data analysis protocol was used to quantify the capabilities of the inspection procedures and for use in the design analysis processes. The data described is the result of four independent X-radiographers capabilities to discriminate ceramic shell anomalies of varying sizes in various titanium thicknesses. Four different shell (facecoat) formulations from different vendors were characterized by this process. The results were used to improve facecoat formulations for increased detectability and the work was eventually expanded to seven different formulations and several additional X-radiographers after the data described herein was analyzed. Nondestructive inspection is often based on a causal relationship between the signal/artifact that can be generated by the inspection procedure and the desired physical condition to be quantified. In this program, the X-radiographic procedure was capable of detecting and quantifying the inherent shell size, but could not quantify the "halo" of affected area surrounding the shell inclusion. An additional task was therefor required to generate the causal relationship between the detected shell and the corresponding anomaly that was considered in damage tolerant and life-cycle (design) analyses. The combined tasks of functional design, component producibility analysis and nondestructive inspection engineering design enables design, production and life-cycle maintenance of new engineering machines and missions with a confidence level that was previously unattainable. The integrated role of design and nondestructive inspection engineering is clearly demonstrated in the work described.
机译：钛HIP铸造作为结构应用中的设计选择具有巨大的潜力。在耐损伤的结构中，设计过程必须包括对生产过程固有的可生产性的考虑。可生产性必然包括生产和验收中使用的非破坏性检查程序的功能和局限性。在设计过程中必须包括对每个组件应用程序的缺陷分析的影响。工程/生产性数据通常不足以支持新的设计应用程序，并且必须将这些数据开发为组件设计资格的一部分。 X射线照相术无法检测钛铸造工艺固有的陶瓷（壳）夹杂物，因此本文中描述的数据旨在支持零件设计鉴定。不幸的是，陶瓷外壳的检测低于经典极限，经典极限可以通过基于信号/噪声容限的预测模型以及作为图像模式识别问题所需的实验表征来表征。实验和数据分析协议的检测概率（POD）设计用于量化检查程序的功能，并用于设计分析过程。所描述的数据是四位独立的X射线照相师根据不同的钛厚度区分大小不同的陶瓷外壳异常的结果。该过程表征了来自不同供应商的四种不同的外壳（面漆）配方。结果用于改进面漆配方以提高可检测性，并且在分析了本文描述的数据后，工作最终扩展到了七个不同的配方和数台其他X射线照相仪。无损检查通常基于检查程序可能生成的信号/伪像与要量化的所需物理条件之间的因果关系。在该程序中，X射线照相程序能够检测和量化固有的壳尺寸，但无法量化壳包含物周围的受影响区域的“光晕”。因此，需要额外的任务来生成检测到的外壳与相应的异常之间的因果关系，这种关系在容错和生命周期（设计）分析中被考虑了。功能设计，组件可生产性分析和无损检查工程设计的组合任务使新工程机械和任务的设计，生产和生命周期维护能够达到以前无法实现的置信度。描述的工作清楚地表明了设计和无损检测工程的综合作用。

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