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Enhancing Rubisco activity at higher temperatures by re-engineering Rubisco activase

机译：通过重新设计Rubisco激活酶来提高高温下的Rubisco活性

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This paper discusses the possibility of increasing plant performance under moderate heat stress by improving the thermal stability of Rubisco activase. 1. The research is driven by the observation that photosynthesis is acutely sensitive to inhibition by moderate heat stress and that this inhibition can cause a significant reduction in grain yield. Data from several studies show that recent increases in global surface temperatures have already had a negative impact on crop yield and more severe reductions are predicted under even the most conservative climate warming scenario. 2. Inhibition of net photosynthesis by moderate heat stress correlates with a decrease in the activation state of Rubisco. At elevated temperatures, processes that inactivate Rubisco (i.e. catalytic misfire and decarbamylation) accelerate while the rate of reactivation of Rubisco by the chaperone, Rubisco activase, decreases. 3. Inhibition of Rubisco activase activity occurs at elevated temperatures and is a consequence of: (1) the inherent thermal instability of the activase protein; (2) heat-induced changes in the chloroplast environment that reduce the activity and/or thermal stability of Rubisco activase; or (3) a combination of the two. 4. Natural and engineered variations in Rubisco activase thermotolerance provide evidence that improvements in the thermal stability of Rubisco activase can lead to better photosynthetic performance under moderate heat stress. 5. Gaps still exist in our understanding of the role of Rubisco activase in the inhibition of photosynthesis by moderate heat stress, including questions about the mechanism for deactivation of Rubisco (catalytic misfire or decarbamylation) and the mechanistic basis for thermal inactivation of Rubisco activase. 6. Strategies for improving photosynthetic performance under moderate heat stress in crop plants include: (1) increasing the thermotolerance of activase; (2) modifying Rubisco to reduce catalytic misfire; and (3) stabilising activase during episodes of heat stress.
机译：本文讨论了通过改善Rubisco激活酶的热稳定性来提高中度热胁迫下植物生长的可能性。 1.该研究是基于以下观察结果而进行的：光合作用对中度热胁迫的抑制作用极为敏感，这种抑制作用可导致谷物产量显着降低。来自几项研究的数据表明，全球地表温度的近期升高已经对作物单产产生了负面影响，即使在最保守的气候变暖情景下，也预计将出现更大幅度的降低。 2.适度的热胁迫抑制净光合作用与Rubisco活化态的降低有关。在升高的温度下，使Rubisco失活的过程（即催化失火和脱氨甲酰化）加速，同时伴侣分子Rubisco活化酶的Rubisco活化速率降低。 3. Rubisco活化酶活性的抑制在高温下发生，其原因是：（1）活化酶蛋白固有的热不稳定性； （2）热诱导的叶绿体环境变化，降低了Rubisco活化酶的活性和/或热稳定性；或（3）两者结合。 4. Rubisco激活酶耐热性的自然变化和工程变化提供了证据，证明Rubisco激活酶的热稳定性得到改善，可以在中等热胁迫下导致更好的光合性能。 5.在我们对Rubisco活化酶在中度热胁迫下抑制光合作用的作用的理解中，仍然存在空白，包括对Rubisco失活（催化失火或脱氨基甲酰化）的机理以及Rubisco活化酶热失活的机理基础的疑问。 6.改善作物在适度热胁迫下的光合性能的策略包括：（1）提高活化酶的耐热性； （2）改性Rubisco以减少催化失火； （3）在热应激发作期间稳定激活酶。

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