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首页> 外文会议>Australian National University Conference >Enhancing Rubisco activity at higher temperatures by re-engineering Rubisco activase
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Enhancing Rubisco activity at higher temperatures by re-engineering Rubisco activase

机译：通过重新工程Rubisco Actias酶提高较高温度的Rubisco活动

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This paper discusses the possibility of increasing plant performance under moderate heat stress by improving the thermal stability of Rubisco activase.The research is driven by the observation that photosynthesis is acutely sensitive to inhibition by moderate heat stress and that this inhibition can cause a significant reduction in grain yield. Data from several studies show that recent increases in global surface temperatures have already had a negative impact on crop yield and more severe reductions are predicted under even the most conservative climate warming scenario.Inhibition of net photosynthesis by moderate heat stress correlates with a decrease in the activation state of Rubisco. At elevated temperatures, processes that inactivate Rubisco (i.e. catalytic misfire and decarbamylation) accelerate while the rate ofreactivation of Rubisco by the chaperone, Rubisco activase, decreases.Inhibition of Rubisco activase activity occurs at elevated temperatures and is a consequence of: (1) the inherent thermal instability of the activase protein; (2) heat-induced changes in the chloroplast environment that reduce the activity and/or thermal stability of Rubisco activase; or (3) a combination of the two.Natural and engineered variations in Rubisco activase thermotolerance provide evidence that improvements in the thermal stability of Rubisco activase can lead to better photosynthetic performance under moderate heat stress.Gaps still exist in our understanding of the role of Rubisco activase in the inhibition of photosynthesis by moderate heat stress, including questions about the mechanism for deactivation of Rubisco (catalytic misfire or decarbamylation) and the mechanistic basis for thermal inactivation of Rubisco activase.Strategies for improving photosynthetic performance under moderate heat stress in crop plants include: (1) increasing the thermotolerance of activase; (2) modifying Rubisco to reduce catalytic misfire; and (3) stabilising activase during episodes of heat stress.
机译：本文探讨了通过提高鲁斯科活化酶的热稳定性在中度热应力下提高植物性能的可能性。通过观察的研究，光合作用对抑制作用的中度热应激敏感性，并且这种抑制可能导致显着减少籽粒产量。来自几项研究的数据表明，最近全球表面温度的增加已经对作物产量产生了负面影响，并且甚至最具保守的气候变暖场景，预测了更严重的减少。抑制净光合作用通过中等热应力与下降相关的净光合作用Rubisco的激活状态。在升高的温度下，灭活Rubisco（即催化失火和脱氨酰基化）的过程加速，同时通过伴侣，Rubisco激活酶降低了Rubisco的速率。抑制Rubisco活化酶活性在升高的温度下发生，结果是：（1）活酶蛋白的固有的热不稳定性; （2）叶绿体环境中的热诱导变化，降低了Rubisco Actias酶的活性和/或热稳定性;或（3）Rubisco Actio ase ThermotoColance的两种和工程变化的组合提供了证据，提高了Rubisco Actio ase的热稳定性的改进，可以在中等热应力下导致更好的光合性能。我们对我们对角色的理解仍然存在Rubisco活序在抑制光合作用的温度抑制，包括关于鲁斯科（催化失火或脱羰或脱氨酰胺）的机制的问题，以及Rubisco Actiacalase的热失血的机械基础。用于改善作物植物中温度胁迫下的光合性能包括：（1）增加活酶的热能酶; （2）修改Rubisco以减少催化失火; （3）在热应激事件期间稳定活酶。

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