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首页> 外文会议>Applying photosynthesis research to improvement of food crops >Status of photosynthetic and associated research in wheat and prospects for increasing photosynthetic efficiency and yield potential
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Status of photosynthetic and associated research in wheat and prospects for increasing photosynthetic efficiency and yield potential

机译：小麦光合及相关研究的现状以及提高光合效率和增产潜力的前景

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1. This paper reviews recent research on the relationship between photosynthesis and yield of wheat. It evaluates prospects for substantial increases in yield potential of wheat through increases in leaf-level photosynthetic efficiency. 2. There is substantial variation in rate of leaf photosynthesis among modern, high-yielding wheat varieties grown in favourable environments. This variation results from two factors: genotypic variation in leaf demand for CO_2 (i.e. photosynthetic capacity, which is the amount and activity of photosynthetic machinery) and variation in the supply of CO_2 to the leaf interior (largely determined by stomatal conductance). 3. Several recent experiments have shown that it is already possible to select for high yield potential within wheat breeding populations by using measurements of leaf photosynthesis, stomatal conductance or related traits. 4. It may be possible to raise the baseline for wheat yield potential higher, perhaps by 50% or more, by further improvements to photosynthesis, such as through exploiting natural variation in Rubisco's catalytic rate or, at the other extreme, engineering C_4 metabolism into wheat. 5. If gains in photosynthetic efficiency are to be realised as substantial gains in yield potential in the field, there must be other, complementary changes to the wheat plant, just as the original green revolution relied on fundamental changes in plant architecture to complement pivotal changes in agronomy at that time. 6. Spike fertility must be improved to allow full use of photosynthetic capacity throughout the crop life cycle. 7. Greater radiation-use efficiency will increase total assimilates available for spike growth, thereby increasing the potential for grain number. 8. Phenological patterns and stem growth need to be optimised to permit maximum partitioning of available assimilates to spikes. 9. There is evidence for underused photosynthetic capacity during grain-filling in elite material, suggesting unnecessary floret abortion. A better understanding of the physiological and genetic bases for floret abortion may minimise floret abortion to achieve a better source-sink balance. 10. Further trade-offs in terms of partitioning of assimilates to competing sinks during spike growth, to improve root anchorage and stem strength, may be necessary to minimise yield losses as a result of lodging. 11. Breeding technologies that can be used to complement conventional approaches include wide crossing with members of the Triticae tribe to broaden the wheat gene pool and physiological and molecular breeding to strategically combine complementary traits and identify elite progeny more efficiently.
机译：1.本文综述了有关小麦光合作用与产量之间关系的最新研究。它评估了通过提高叶片水平的光合作用效率来显着提高小麦单产潜力的前景。 2.在有利环境下种植的现代高产小麦品种叶片光合作用速率存在很大差异。这种变化是由两个因素引起的：叶片对CO_2的需求的基因型变化（即光合作用能力，即光合作用机制的数量和活性）和叶片内部CO_2的供应变化（主要由气孔电导率决定）。 3.最近的一些实验表明，通过测量叶片的光合作用，气孔导度或相关性状，已经有可能在小麦育种种群中选择高产潜力。 4.通过进一步改善光合作用，例如通过利用Rubisco催化速率的自然变化，或在其他极端情况下将C_4代谢工程化为小麦，可以将小麦单产潜力的基准提高到更高，也许提高50％或更多。小麦。 5.如果光合作用效率的提高要实现为田间单产潜力的实质性提高，那么小麦植物就必须有其他互补性变化，就像原始的绿色革命依靠植物结构的根本变化来补充关键性变化一样当时的农学。 6.必须提高穗的育性，以在整个作物生命周期中充分利用光合能力。 7.更高的辐射利用效率将增加可用于穗增长的同化物总量，从而增加籽粒数量的潜力。 8.需要优化物候模式和茎生长，以使可用同化物最大程度地分配给穗状花序。 9.有证据表明，在精英材料的籽粒灌装过程中光合能力未得到充分利用，这表明小花不必要地流产。对小花流产的生理和遗传基础有更好的了解可以使小花流产最小化，从而实现更好的源库平衡。 10.在穗生长过程中，为了将根系固着和茎秆强度提高，可能需要在同化物分配到竞争性水槽方面进行进一步权衡，以最大程度地减少倒伏导致的产量损失。 11.可用于补充常规方法的育种技术包括与小麦属部落成员广泛杂交以扩大小麦基因库，以及进行生理和分子育种以战略性地结合互补性状并更有效地鉴定优良后代。

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