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首页> 外文会议>Association of State Dam Safety Officials, Inc. 2002 Annual Conference Sep 8-11, 2002 Tampa, Florida >EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS: A LEGAL AND PRACTICAL BLUEPRINT
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EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS: A LEGAL AND PRACTICAL BLUEPRINT

机译：紧急行动计划：法律和实践蓝图

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摘要

Negligence analysis often revolves around the exercise of reasonable care that will either prevent or minimize the risk of an accident or the injuries suffered therefrom. Emergency action plans are just a reasonable, logical extension of existing analysis. Plans to respond to a disaster are just as integral in negligence analysis as exercising reasonable care to prevent an accident. Emergency action plans are just as critical in minimizing losses as design, construction, maintenance, operations, and inspection. The duty of reasonable care should extend to taking steps to minimize the danger of an emergency, whether from natural or human causes, through the implementation of an emergency action plan. Such a plan should in fact be an integral part of the "operations" of the facility. Indeed, emergency action plans are well established by government, industry and professional standards. We require smoke detectors, sprinkler systems, fire extinguishers, and fire escapes to minimize the risks of fires. Emergency action plans may be just as effective in saving lives and minimizing damages. We are not positing that every home or small merchant should prepare an elaborate plan. We are stating that where the risks are significant, the potential loss of life and property damage is great, and the costs and difficulties of preparing an emergency action plan that will minimize damages and impacts are low, the law imposes a duty of reasonable care to prepare such a plan based upon the reasonable foreseeability of these risks. The plans should be simple, but flexible. Once adopted, the emergency action plan is a dynamic document and process, which should be periodically reviewed, revised and tested. Let us finish with an adage frequently used by engineers: "Failing to plan is planning to fail."
机译：过失分析通常围绕合理护理的开展，这将预防或最大程度降低事故或由此造成的伤害的风险。紧急行动计划只是现有分析的合理，逻辑扩展。在疏忽分析中，应对灾难的计划与采取合理的预防措施以防止事故一样不可或缺。紧急行动计划对于最大程度地减少设计，施工，维护，操作和检查的损失同样至关重要。合理谨慎的责任应扩大到采取措施，通过执行紧急行动计划，将因自然或人为原因引起的紧急情况的危险降至最低。实际上，这样的计划应该是设施“运营”的组成部分。确实，政府，行业和专业标准已经制定了紧急行动计划。我们需要烟雾探测器，洒水系统，灭火器和走火通道，以将发生火灾的风险降至最低。紧急行动计划在挽救生命和减少损失方面可能同样有效。我们并不认为每个家庭或小型商人都应该制定详尽的计划。我们指出，在风险很大，潜在的生命和财产损失巨大以及准备将损害和影响最小化的紧急行动计划的成本和困难较低的情况下，法律规定了对根据这些风险的合理可预见性制定此类计划。计划应该简单但灵活。紧急行动计划一经通过，便是动态的文件和流程，应定期进行审查，修订和测试。让我们以工程师经常使用的格言结尾：“没有计划就是要失败。”

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