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Lessons learned from the development of the XMM optics

机译：从XMM光学系统的发展中学到的经验教训

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Abstract: The high throughput x-ray spectroscopy mission XMM isthe second cornerstone project in the European SpaceAgency (ESA) long-term program for space science. Thisobservatory has at its heart three large x-raytelescopes, which will provide a large collecting areawith a spatial resolution better than 15 arcsec. In1998, the three Flight Models and the two spare modelsof the x-ray telescope have been delivered to ESA,after verification and calibration at the CentreSpatial de Liege and at the Max Planck Institute nearMunich. They show mechanical and optical performancesmuch better than the specification. Their performancewill undoubtedly bring an important benefit for theastronomers. The most challenging part of thedevelopment of these telescopes was the design, themanufacturing and the testing of the x-ray mirrors,during four intensive years. In this paper, we willfirst summarize the development and the excellentresults of the mirrors. Then, we will discuss thelessons learned during this development, mainly interms of management and technical aspects, includingdesign, manufacturing and testing. These lessons willbe drawn in perspective of the future x-ray missionssuch as Constellation X, Xeus and ASTRO-F. !21
机译：摘要：高通量X射线光谱任务XMM是欧洲航天局（ESA）长期太空科学计划的第二个基石项目。该天文台的中心有三台大型X射线望远镜，它们将提供一个大的收集区域，其空间分辨率优于15弧秒。 1998年，经过在列日市中心的空间中心和慕尼黑附近的马克斯·普朗克研究所的验证和校准，X射线望远镜的三个飞行模型和两个备用模型已经交付给ESA。它们显示出比规格更好的机械和光学性能。它们的性能无疑将为天文学家带来重要的好处。这些望远镜的发展中最具挑战性的部分是在长达四年的努力中，X射线镜的设计，制造和测试。在本文中，我们将首先总结镜子的发展和出色的结果。然后，我们将讨论在此开发过程中获得的经验教训，主要是在管理和技术方面的术语，包括设计，制造和测试。这些课程将根据未来的X射线任务（例如星座X，Xeus和ASTRO-F）得出。 ！21

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