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Advanced materials for ultralightweight stable structures

机译：用于超轻稳定结构的先进材料

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Abstract: Optical Instruments require high precision structures, under varying and often severe environmental conditions. If such instruments are movable, or carried on spacecraft or aircraft platforms, low mass is essential. Stabilization requirements and flight environment demand high dynamic stability, usually specified as high vibration frequency. Those 3 qualities - dimensional stability, high stiffness, low mass - present severe problems to the designer, if he is constrained by the use of conventional materials. Advanced ceramic material like SiC offers great potential, due to its extremely high stiffness, at very reasonably low mass, and thermal expansion. But technologies are not yet available to manufacture parts of 1 m dimensions or above. A special C/SiC material developed by Dornier Satellitensysteme GmbH and partners allows just that, today only limited to 3 m sizes by existing facilities. Mechanical properties are comparable to SiC, and the manufacturing process is far more economical. Advanced composites, in particular ultra-high-modulus carbon fiber materials, offer dimensional stability commensurate with Zerodur, at significantly lower mass. Those fibers exhibit ultra-high stiffness at negative thermal expansion and very low mass. THe paper presents an introduction into material properties and manufacturing processes of those two materials, and high-lights the design approach for a number of high performance structures for satellite borne optical instruments. !0
机译：摘要：光学仪器需要在变化多端且通常是恶劣的环境条件下的高精度结构。如果此类仪器是可移动的，或携带在航天器或飞机平台上，则重量很轻。稳定要求和飞行环境要求高动态稳定性，通常指定为高振动频率。如果设计师受到常规材料的限制，那么这3种品质-尺寸稳定性，高刚度，低质量-将给设计师带来严峻的问题。像SiC这样的高级陶瓷材料由于具有极高的刚度，非常低的质量和热膨胀性，因此具有巨大的潜力。但是尚无用于制造1 m或更大尺寸零件的技术。 Dornier Satellitensysteme GmbH及其合作伙伴开发的一种特殊的C / SiC材料可以满足这一要求，而如今，现有设施仅将其限制为3 m。机械性能可与SiC相媲美，并且制造过程更加经济。先进的复合材料，特别是超高模量碳纤维材料，具有质量明显低于Zerodur的尺寸稳定性。这些纤维在负热膨胀下表现出超高的刚度，并且质量非常低。本文介绍了这两种材料的材料特性和制造工艺，并重点介绍了用于人造卫星光学仪器的许多高性能结构的设计方法。 ！0

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