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首页> 外文会议>Energy, power, amp; facilities management strategies amp; technologies >PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM AUSTIN ENERGY’SPACKAGED COOLING-HEATING-POWER SYSTEM
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PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM AUSTIN ENERGY’SPACKAGED COOLING-HEATING-POWER SYSTEM

机译：奥斯汀能源分包式冷却-加热-功率系统的性能结果和经验教训

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According to many industry experts, we have alreadyrnreached the top of our gas bubble – the rate of discovery ofrnfuture gas reserves is increasing at a pace slower than thernrate of increase in demand. These experts paint anrnunfavorable scenario for the day that the supply andrndemand curves intersect. Some pundits believe thisrnintersection could be as soon as 2025.rnWe can have optimism for the long-term prospects ofrnenergy because numerous initiatives are under way tornreplace our dependence on finite supplies of fossil fuels. Arnmultitude of government and private programs promise tornincrease the feasibility of renewable energy sources such asrnhydrogen, solar, wind and biogas. Perhaps the energyrn“wreck” that some experts are forecasting will bernforestalled forever by the introduction of renewable energyrninto the daily routines of our personal and business lives.rnAn added risk for delivery of reliable power is thernelectricity transmission infrastructure. While investmentsrnin electric generation assets continue to increase, especiallyrnsince 2000, investments and upgrades to transmissionrnsystems continue to decrease year after year.rnIn the meanwhile, until that 20 to 30 year “wreck” isrnforecast to occur, we have opportunity to take action thatrnwill sustain us while we still have reliable supply of fossilrnfuels. According to the US Department of Energy,rncombined cooling, heating and power (CHP) is an essentialrnelement in the distributed generation portfolio oftenrnmaking the economic and environmental differencernbetween success and failure of a project. CHP has beenrncalled the bridge to a sustainable energy future.rnIn support of the DOE’s vision for a clean and sustainablernenergy future is the Distributed Energy Program. TheDOE program emphasizes development of next generationrndistributed energy solutions that promise to make on-siternelectric generation an integral part of the electric deliveryrnsystem of the future.rnIn 2002 the DOE received proposals in response to theirrnsolicitation to create innovative packaged CHP solutions tornmeet the needs of specific buildings. When responding tornthe DOE’s request Burns & McDonnell had availablernnumerous options for prime movers and for thermallyrnactivated technologies but decided early in the process onlyrnto consider equipment that would make economic sense inrnhigh low electric cost areas such as Texas. If a CHPrnsystem makes sense in Texas, then replication potentialrnwould be great elsewhere.rnTo configure a CHP to perform successfully in Texas fromrna technical perspective places a priority for HVAC cooling,rnrather than heating, by recycling the exhaust heat. And tornraise the stakes even higher, any CHP system must complyrnwith Texas’s stringent emissions rules. The only way tornhave a successful CHP system with such high performancernbenchmarks will require extra ordinarily high efficienciesrnfrom the input fuel. While a 55 to 65% efficient systemrnmay be favorable on the West coast and the northeast,rnefficiencies greater than 75% were required in Texas.rnAchieving such high efficiencies (or such a low systemrnheat rate) is a daunting challenge. To get maximum impactrnfrom the recycled exhaust energy Burns & McDonnellrnengineers determined that by indirectly firing an absorptionrnchiller by using all of the recovered exhaust heat was thernticket to higher efficiencies and lowest emissions. And sornthey picked unique combination of a Solar TurbinesrnCentaur gas combustion turbine that would indirectly firernits exhaust heat into a Broad USA absorption chiller. With the equipment configuration decided, Burns &rnMcDonnell created a public-private partnership consistingrnof Austin Energy (contributing $5.3M), DOE’s Oak RidgernNational Laboratory (contributing $3M), Burns &rnMcDonnell of Kansas City, Missouri as design-builder andrnsystem integrator, Solar Turbines Incorporated as supplier ofrnthe prime mover and Broad USA as supplier for thernabsorption chiller. Turbine Air Systems of Houston wasrnadded to the team later as an exclusive subcontractor andrnprovided shop fabricated skid packages to reducerninstallation time during site construction.rnOn June 14, 2004, a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held inrnAustin, Texas, to inaugurate the commencement ofrnoperations for this unique CHP configuration. The newrnAustin Energy CHP system is an exciting addition to anrnexisting district energy system at an industrial park calledrnThe Domain. The district system provides chilled water,rnsteam and compressed air to more than 1 million sq ft ofrnoffice, retail, industrial and residential space.rnThe DOE’s vision of a sustainable energy future is emergingrnwith this large scale CHP system that uses waste-heatrnexhaust from a natural gas-fired turbine-driven generator asrnthe only fuel source for a chiller providing air conditioningrnand heating. This innovative plant can be the basis forrnreplication of similar CHP systems while making arnsignificant contribution toward the DOE’s effort to doublernthe amount of CHP in the United States from the 1999 levelrnof 46 GW to 96 GW by 2010.
机译：根据许多行业专家的说法，我们已经达到了气泡的顶峰–未来天然气储量的发现速度正在以比需求增长速度慢的速度增长。这些专家描绘了供求曲线相交的那一天的不利情况。一些专家认为，这种交叉路口最早可能在2025年。我们对能源的长期前景抱有乐观的态度，因为正在采取许多举措来取代我们对有限的化石燃料供应的依赖。政府和私人计划的大量涌现将增加诸如氢，太阳能，风能和沼气等可再生能源的可行性。通过将可再生能源引入我们个人和企业生活的日常工作中，也许某些专家预测的能源“残骸”将永远被阻止。输电基础设施是交付可靠电力的另一个风险。尽管发电资产的投资不断增加，特别是自2000年以来，输电系统的投资和升级却逐年减少。同时，直到发生20至30年的“沉船”，我们才有机会采取能够维持我们生存的行动虽然我们仍然有可靠的化石燃料供应。根据美国能源部的说法，组合式制冷，供暖和电力（CHP）是分布式发电产品组合中的必不可少的要素，通常会在项目的成败之间造成经济和环境上的差异。热电联产被称为通向可持续能源未来的桥梁。分布式能源计划是美国能源部对清洁和可持续能源未来的愿景的支持。 DOE计划着重开发下一代分布式能源解决方案，该解决方案有望使太阳能发电成为未来电力输送系统不可或缺的一部分。2002年，DOE收到了有关其提议的提案，以创建创新的打包式CHP解决方案来满足特定建筑物的需求。 。在回应能源部的要求时，伯恩斯·麦当劳（Burns＆McDonnell）为原动机和热活化技术提供了许多选择，但在此过程的早期，只决定考虑在高电费低廉的地区（例如德克萨斯州）具有经济意义的设备。如果CHP系统在得克萨斯州有意义，那么复制潜力将在其他地方很大。从技术角度来看，要配置CHP在得克萨斯州成功运行，应优先考虑通过回收废热来进行HVAC制冷而不是供暖。而且，要冒更大的风险，任何热电联产系统都必须遵守德克萨斯州的严格排放法规。拥有这样一个高性能基准的成功的热电联产系统的唯一方法是从输入燃料中获得额外的通常高效率。在西海岸和东北地区，效率为55％至65％的系统可能是有利的，而德克萨斯州则要求效率高于75％。实现如此高的效率（或如此低的系统加热率）是一项艰巨的挑战。为了最大程度地利用回收的废气能量，Burns＆McDonnellrn工程师确定，通过使用所有回收的废气热量间接燃烧吸收式制冷机，可以提高效率和降低排放。 Sornthey选择了Solar TurbinesrnCentaur燃气轮机的独特组合，该燃气轮机将把废热间接散发到Broad USA吸收式制冷机中。决定设备配置后，Burns＆rnMcDonnell建立了一个公私合作伙伴关系，包括诺夫·奥斯丁能源公司（贡献530万美元），美国能源部的橡树岭国家实验室（贡献300万美元），密苏里州堪萨斯城的Burns＆rnMcDonnell作为设计建造者和系统集成商，Solar Turbines Incorporated作为原动机的供应商，而Broad USA作为吸收式制冷机的供应商。休斯顿的涡轮空气系统公司后来作为独家分包商加入到团队中，并提供车间制造的防滑包装，以减少工地施工期间的安装时间。2004年6月14日，在得克萨斯州奥斯汀举行了剪彩仪式，以启动此项目的破土动工。独特的CHP配置。新型奥斯汀能源热电联产系统是对名为Domain的工业园区中现有的区域能源系统的一个令人兴奋的补充。区域系统为超过100万平方英尺的办公楼，零售店提供冷冻水，蒸汽和压缩空气能源部对可持续能源未来的愿景正在出现，这种大规模的热电联产系统利用天然气燃气轮机驱动的发电机产生的废热，这是提供空调和供暖的冷水机组的唯一燃料来源。这座创新的工厂可以成为复制类似热电联产系统的基础，同时为美国能源部将美国热电联产数量从1999年的46吉瓦增加到2010年的96吉瓦的努力做出了巨大贡献。

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